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Computational histopathology image diagnosis becomes increasingly popular and important, where images are segmented or classified for disease diagnosis by computers. While pathologists do not struggle with color variations in slides,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-27 Hanwen Liang , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , Xingyu Li

Pathological diagnosis relies on the visual inspection of histologically stained thin tissue specimens, where different types of stains are applied to bring contrast to and highlight various desired histological features. However, the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-08-18 Xilin Yang , Bijie Bai , Yijie Zhang , Yuzhu Li , Kevin de Haan , Tairan Liu , Aydogan Ozcan

Deep learning models can generate virtual immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images, offering a scalable and low-cost alternative to laboratory IHC. However, reliable evaluation of image quality remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Tushar Kataria , Shikha Dubey , Mary Bronner , Jolanta Jedrzkiewicz , Ben J. Brintz , Shireen Y. Elhabian , Beatrice S. Knudsen

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining is a cornerstone of pathological analysis, offering reliable visualization of cellular morphology and tissue architecture for cancer diagnosis, subtyping, and grading. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Amit Das , Naofumi Tomita , Kyle J. Syme , Weijie Ma , Paige O'Connor , Kristin N. Corbett , Bing Ren , Xiaoying Liu , Saeed Hassanpour

Conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) have enabled high-fidelity computational staining and destaining of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) in digital pathology whole-slide images (WSI). However, their ability to generalize to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Aarushi Kulkarni , Alarice Lowe , Pratik Shah

Fluorescence microscopy plays a vital role in understanding the subcellular structures of living cells. However, it requires considerable effort in sample preparation related to chemical fixation, staining, cost, and time. To reduce those…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Thanh Nguyen , Vy Bui , Anh Thai , Van Lam , Christopher B. Raub , Lin-Ching Chang , George Nehmetallah

Compared to hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) not only maintains the structural features of tissue samples, but also provides high-resolution protein localization, which is essential for aiding in pathology…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuhang Kang , Ziyu Su , Tianyang Wang , Zaibo Li , Wei Chen , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi

Histopathology tissue samples are widely available in two states: paraffin-embedded unstained and non-paraffin-embedded stained whole slide RGB images (WSRI). Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) is one of the principal stains in histology but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Aman Rana , Gregory Yauney , Alarice Lowe , Pratik Shah

Deep learning-based virtual staining was developed to introduce image contrast to label-free tissue sections, digitally matching the histological staining, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and destructive to tissue. Standard…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-31 Yijie Zhang , Luzhe Huang , Tairan Liu , Keyi Cheng , Kevin de Haan , Yuzhu Li , Bijie Bai , Aydogan Ozcan

Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining serves as a valuable technique for detecting specific antigens or proteins through antibody-mediated visualization. However, the IHC staining process is both time-consuming and costly. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Zetong Chen , Yuzhuo Chen , Hai Zhong , Xu Qiao

Different types of staining highlight different structures in organs, thereby assisting in diagnosis. However, due to the impossibility of repeated staining, we cannot obtain different types of stained slides of the same tissue area.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-17 Zexin Li , Yiyang Lin , Zijie Fang , Shuyan Li , Xiu Li

Histological staining of tissue biopsies, especially hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, serves as the benchmark for disease diagnosis and comprehensive clinical assessment of tissue. However, the process is laborious and time-consuming,…

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has transformed clinical pathology by enabling the visualization of specific proteins within tissue sections. However, traditional IHC requires one tissue section per stain, exhibits section-to-section…

Histopathological images of tumors contain abundant information about how tumors grow and how they interact with their micro-environment. Better understanding of tissue phenotypes in these images could reveal novel determinants of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-14 Adalberto Claudio Quiros , Roderick Murray-Smith , Ke Yuan

It is commonly recognized that color variations caused by differences in stains is a critical issue for histopathology image analysis. Existing methods adopt color matching, stain separation, stain transfer or the combination of them to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-09 Hai-Li Ye , Da-Han Wang

Stain variation is a unique challenge associated with automated analysis of digital pathology. Numerous methods have been developed to improve the robustness of machine learning methods to stain variation, but comparative studies have…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Michael Yeung , Todd Watts , Sean YW Tan , Pedro F. Ferreira , Andrew D. Scott , Sonia Nielles-Vallespin , Guang Yang

This study introduces an innovative application of Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (C-GAN) integrated with Stacked Hourglass Networks (SHGN) aimed at enhancing image segmentation, particularly in the challenging environment of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-06 Haowei Yang , Yuxiang Hu , Shuyao He , Ting Xu , Jiajie Yuan , Xingxin Gu

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can play a key role in Medical Image Analysis under large-scale annotated datasets. However, preparing such massive dataset is demanding. In this context, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-04 Changhee Han

Double staining in histopathology, particularly for metaplastic breast cancer, typically employs H&E and P63 dyes. However, P63's tissue damage and high cost necessitate alternative methods. This study introduces xAI-CycleGAN, an advanced…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-07 Tibor Sloboda , Lukáš Hudec , Wanda Benešová

While multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) imaging provides deep, spatially-resolved molecular data, integrating this information with the morphological standard of Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) can be very important for obtaining complementary…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-08 Jillur Rahman Saurav , Mohammad Sadegh Nasr , Jacob M. Luber