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We present an interface and an implementation of the General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) routine for multiple small matrices processed simultaneously on NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs). We focus on matrix sizes under 16. The…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Chetan Jhurani , Paul Mullowney

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a crucial algorithm for various applications such as machine learning and scientific computing, and an efficient GEMM implementation is essential for the performance of these systems. While…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Shixun Wu , Yujia Zhai , Jinyang Liu , Jiajun Huang , Zizhe Jian , Bryan M. Wong , Zizhong Chen

Matrix multiplication computation acceleration has been a research hotspot across various domains. Due to the characteristics of some applications, approximate matrix multiplication can achieve significant performance improvements without…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Hongyaoxing Gu

An important linear algebra routine, GEneral Matrix Multiplication (GEMM), is a fundamental operator in deep learning. Compilers need to translate these routines into low-level code optimized for specific hardware. Compiler-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Huaqing Zhang , Xiaolin Cheng , Hui Zang , Dae Hoon Park

Analytical framework for predicting General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) performance on modern GPUs, focusing on runtime, power consumption, and energy efficiency. Our study employs two approaches: a custom-implemented tiled matrix…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xiaoteng , Liu , Pavly Halim

This paper addresses emulation algorithms for matrix multiplication. General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (GEMM), a fundamental operation in the Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS), is typically optimized for specific hardware…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Katsuhisa Ozaki , Yuki Uchino , Toshiyuki Imamura

The advancements of hardware technology in recent years has brought many possibilities for low-precision applications. However, the use of low precision can introduce significant computational errors, posing a considerable challenge to…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Hongyaoxing Gu

Kernel matrix-vector multiplication (KMVM) is a foundational operation in machine learning and scientific computing. However, as KMVM tends to scale quadratically in both memory and time, applications are often limited by these…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Robert Hu , Siu Lun Chau , Dino Sejdinovic , Joan Alexis Glaunès

FPGAs are a promising platform for accelerating Deep Learning (DL) applications, due to their high performance, low power consumption, and reconfigurability. Recently, the leading FPGA vendors have enhanced their architectures to more…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Endri Taka , Dimitrios Gourounas , Andreas Gerstlauer , Diana Marculescu , Aman Arora

Matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a core operation to numerous scientific applications. Traditional implementations of Strassen-like fast matrix multiplication (FMM) algorithms often do not perform well except for very large matrix sizes, due…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2016-11-04 Jianyu Huang , Leslie Rice , Devin A. Matthews , Robert A. van de Geijn

Peak breaking Matrix Multiplication is a promising technique to improve the performance of DL, especially in LLM training and inference. We present FalconGEMM, a cross-platform framework that automates the deployment, optimization, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Honglin Zhu , Jiaping Cao , Jiang Shao , Siyuan Feng , Qian Qiu , Peng Chen , Xu Zhang , Yixian Zhou , Man Lung Yiu , Guang Ji , Minwen Deng , Wenxi Zhu , Jintao Meng

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a critical operation underpinning a wide range of applications in high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI). The emergence of hardware optimized for low-precision arithmetic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Qiao Zhang , Rabab Alomairy , Dali Wang , Zhuowei Gu , Qinglei Cao

Recent architectures integrate high-performance and power-efficient matrix engines. These engines demonstrate remarkable performance in low-precision matrix multiplication, which is crucial in deep learning. Several techniques have been…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yuki Uchino , Katsuhisa Ozaki , Toshiyuki Imamura

Matrix multiplication is a cornerstone operation in a wide array of scientific fields, including machine learning and computer graphics. The standard algorithm for matrix multiplication has a complexity of $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$ for $n\times n$…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Afzal Ahmad , Linfeng Du , Wei Zhang

General matrix-matrix multiplications with double-precision real and complex entries (DGEMM and ZGEMM) in vendor-supplied BLAS libraries are best optimized for square matrices but often show bad performance for tall & skinny matrices, which…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Dominik Ernst , Georg Hager , Jonas Thies , Gerhard Wellein

The optimization of the matrix multiplication (or GEMM) has been a need during the last decades. This operation is considered the flagship of current linear algebra libraries such as BLIS, OpenBLAS, or Intel OneAPI because of its widespread…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Adrián Castelló , Julian Bellavita , Grace Dinh , Yuka Ikarashi , Héctor Martínez

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a fundamental operation widely used in scientific computations. Its performance and accuracy significantly impact the performance and accuracy of applications that depend on it. One such application…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Fumiya Kono , Naohito Nakasato , Maho Nakata

Recent advances in self-supervised learning and the Transformer architecture have significantly improved natural language processing (NLP), achieving remarkably low perplexity. However, the growing size of NLP models introduces a memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Gunho Park , Baeseong Park , Minsub Kim , Sungjae Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , Beomseok Kwon , Se Jung Kwon , Byeongwook Kim , Youngjoo Lee , Dongsoo Lee

Tile low rank representations of dense matrices partition them into blocks of roughly uniform size, where each off-diagonal tile is compressed and stored as its own low rank factorization. They offer an attractive representation for many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Wajih Boukaram , Stefano Zampini , George Turkiyyah , David Keyes

In computational science and data analytics, many workloads involve irregular and sparse computations that are inherently difficult to optimize for modern hardware. A key kernel is Sparse General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpGEMM), which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yifan Li , Giulia Guidi
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