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Neural networks are vulnerable to small adversarial perturbations. Existing literature largely focused on understanding and mitigating the vulnerability of learned models. In this paper, we demonstrate an intriguing phenomenon about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Gavin Weiguang Ding , Kry Yik Chau Lui , Xiaomeng Jin , Luyu Wang , Ruitong Huang

Conformal prediction gives exact finite-sample coverage guarantees under exchangeability, but deployed systems are judged by more than coverage alone. For a fixed calibrated rule reused over a finite operational window, stakeholders also…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-12 Petrus H. Zwart

Adversarial training, originally designed to resist test-time adversarial examples, has shown to be promising in mitigating training-time availability attacks. This defense ability, however, is challenged in this paper. We identify a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Lue Tao , Lei Feng , Hongxin Wei , Jinfeng Yi , Sheng-Jun Huang , Songcan Chen

Quantifying uncertainty in clinical predictions is critical for high-stakes diagnosis tasks. Conformal prediction offers a principled approach by providing prediction sets with theoretical coverage guarantees. However, in practice, patient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Arjun Chatterjee , Sayeed Sajjad Razin , John Wu , Siddhartha Laghuvarapu , Jathurshan Pradeepkumar , Jimeng Sun

Robust training methods typically defend against specific attack types, such as Lp attacks with fixed budgets, and rarely account for the fact that defenders may encounter new attacks over time. A natural solution is to adapt the defended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Sihui Dai , Christian Cianfarani , Arjun Bhagoji , Vikash Sehwag , Prateek Mittal

The phenomenon of adversarial examples in deep learning models has caused substantial concern over their reliability. While many deep neural networks have shown impressive performance in terms of predictive accuracy, it has been shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Sadia Chowdhury , Ruth Urner

Conformal Prediction (CP) provides distribution-free uncertainty quantification by constructing prediction sets that guarantee coverage of the true labels. This reliability makes CP valuable for high-stakes federated learning scenarios such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Rui Xu , Xingyuan Chen , Wenxing Huang , Minxuan Huang , Yun Xie , Weiyan Chen , Sihong Xie

While Conformal Prediction (CP) has proven to be a powerful framework for uncertainty quantification, guaranteeing conditional coverage remains a central challenge. Although finite-sample, distribution-free conditional validity is known to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-27 Félix Laplante

Neural networks lack adversarial robustness, i.e., they are vulnerable to adversarial examples that through small perturbations to inputs cause incorrect predictions. Further, trust is undermined when models give miscalibrated predictions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Yao Qin , Xuezhi Wang , Alex Beutel , Ed H. Chi

The safe integration of machine learning modules in decision-making processes hinges on their ability to quantify uncertainty. A popular technique to achieve this goal is conformal prediction (CP), which transforms an arbitrary base…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Matteo Zecchin , Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone , Fredrik Hellström

In semantic segmentation tasks, input images can often have more than one plausible interpretation, thus allowing for multiple valid labels. To capture such ambiguities, recent work has explored the use of probabilistic networks that can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Elias Kassapis , Georgi Dikov , Deepak K. Gupta , Cedric Nugteren

Adversarial attacks pose significant threats to the reliability and safety of deep learning models, especially in critical domains such as medical imaging. This paper introduces a novel framework that integrates conformal prediction with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Rui Luo , Jie Bao , Zhixin Zhou , Chuangyin Dang

Standard conformal prediction offers a marginal guarantee on coverage, but for prediction sets to be truly useful, they should ideally ensure coverage conditional on each test point. Unfortunately, it is impossible to achieve exact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jivat Neet Kaur , Michael I. Jordan , Ahmed Alaa

The existence of adversarial data examples has drawn significant attention in the deep-learning community; such data are seemingly minimally perturbed relative to the original data, but lead to very different outputs from a deep-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Bai Li , Changyou Chen , Wenlin Wang , Lawrence Carin

Defenses against adversarial examples, such as adversarial training, are typically tailored to a single perturbation type (e.g., small $\ell_\infty$-noise). For other perturbations, these defenses offer no guarantees and, at times, even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Florian Tramèr , Dan Boneh

Despite strong performance in numerous applications, the fragility of deep learning to input perturbations has raised serious questions about its use in safety-critical domains. While adversarial training can mitigate this issue in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-01 Alexander Robey , Luiz F. O. Chamon , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani , Alejandro Ribeiro

Adaptive Conformal Inference (ACI) provides finite-sample coverage guarantees, enhancing the prediction reliability under non-exchangeability. This study demonstrates that these desirable properties of ACI do not require the use of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-02 Johan Hallberg Szabadváry , Tuwe Löfström

We study the problem of learning predictors that are robust to adversarial examples with respect to an unknown perturbation set, relying instead on interaction with an adversarial attacker or access to attack oracles, examining different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Omar Montasser , Steve Hanneke , Nathan Srebro

Conformal prediction (CP) is an emerging uncertainty quantification framework that allows us to construct a prediction set to cover the true label with a pre-specified marginal or conditional probability. Although the valid coverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Yuanjie Shi , Subhankar Ghosh , Taha Belkhouja , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Yan Yan

Conformal prediction is a general distribution-free approach for constructing prediction sets combined with any machine learning algorithm that achieve valid marginal or conditional coverage in finite samples. Ordinal classification is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-05 Subhrasish Chakraborty , Chhavi Tyagi , Haiyan Qiao , Wenge Guo
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