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On-chip learning is key to scalable and adaptive neuromorphic systems, yet existing training methods are either difficult to implement in hardware or overly restrictive. However, recent studies show that feedback-control optimizers can…

We propose a scalable neuromorphic architecture based on spiking dynamics emerging from the autonomous time-continuous evolution of clockless (asynchronous) digital circuits. Implemented on commercially available field-programmable gate…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Eric Oliveira Gomes , Damien Rontani

This article revisits the 20-year-old neural fitted Q-iteration (NFQ) algorithm on its classical CartPole benchmark. NFQ was a pioneering approach towards modern Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) in applying multi-layer neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sascha Lange , Roland Hafner , Martin Riedmiller

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has been driven by insights from physics and neuroscience, particularly through the development of artificial neural networks (ANNs) capable of complex cognitive tasks such as vision and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-04 Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia , Anindya Ghosh , Jie Mei , Srikanth Ramaswamy

Neuromodulation techniques have emerged as promising approaches for treating a wide range of neurological disorders, precisely delivering electrical stimulation to modulate abnormal neuronal activity. While leveraging the unique…

Inspired by the natural nervous system, synaptic plasticity rules are applied to train spiking neural networks with local information, making them suitable for online learning on neuromorphic hardware. However, when such rules are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-28 J. Lu , J. J. Hagenaars , G. C. H. E. de Croon

Neuromorphic Computing promises orders of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency compared to traditional von Neumann computing paradigm. The goal is to develop an adaptive, fault-tolerant, low-footprint, fast, low-energy intelligent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Md Sakib Hasan , Catherine D. Schuman , Zhongyang Zhang , Tauhidur Rahman , Garrett S. Rose

The growing need for intelligent, adaptive, and energy-efficient autonomous systems across fields such as robotics, mobile agents (e.g., UAVs), and self-driving vehicles is driving interest in neuromorphic computing. By drawing inspiration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

In this paper, we propose a novel control architecture, inspired from neuroscience, for adaptive control of continuous-time systems. The proposed architecture, in the setting of standard Neural Network (NN) based adaptive control, augments…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Deepan Muthirayan , Pramod P. Khargonekar

This paper proposes a novel topological learning framework that integrates networks of different sizes and topology through persistent homology. Such challenging task is made possible through the introduction of a computationally efficient…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-30 Tananun Songdechakraiwut , Moo K. Chung

Two main routes of learning methods exist at present including error-driven global learning and neuroscience-oriented local learning. Integrating them into one network may provide complementary learning capabilities for versatile learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Yujie Wu , Rong Zhao , Jun Zhu , Feng Chen , Mingkun Xu , Guoqi Li , Sen Song , Lei Deng , Guanrui Wang , Hao Zheng , Jing Pei , Youhui Zhang , Mingguo Zhao , Luping Shi

Understanding how biological neural networks carry out learning using spike-based local plasticity mechanisms can lead to the development of powerful, energy-efficient, and adaptive neuromorphic processing systems. A large number of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Lyes Khacef , Philipp Klein , Matteo Cartiglia , Arianna Rubino , Giacomo Indiveri , Elisabetta Chicca

This paper presents a mathematically rigorous framework for brain-inspired representation learning founded on the interplay between persistent topological structures and cohomological flows. Neural computation is reformulated as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Preksha Girish , Rachana Mysore , Mahanthesha U , Shrey Kumar , Shipra Prashant

This paper presents a neuromorphic system for cognitive load classification in a real-world setting, an Air Traffic Control (ATC) task, using a hardware implementation of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). Electroencephalogram (EEG) and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jiahui An , Chonghao Cai , Olympia Gallou , Sara Irina Fabrikant , Giacomo Indiveri , Elisa Donati

Unlike traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs), biological neuronal networks solve complex cognitive tasks with sparse neuronal activity, recurrent connections, and local learning rules. These mechanisms serve as design principles in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Matteo Saponati , Chiara De Luca , Giacomo Indiveri , Benjamin Grewe

Among the main features of biological intelligence are energy efficiency, capacity for continual adaptation, and risk management via uncertainty quantification. Neuromorphic engineering has been thus far mostly driven by the goal of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone

Neuromorphic computing and spiking neural networks aim to leverage biological inspiration to achieve greater energy efficiency and computational power beyond traditional von Neumann architectured machines. In particular, spiking neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Nicholas J. Pritchard , Andreas Wicenec , Mohammed Bennamoun , Richard Dodson

Applications in robotics or other size-, weight- and power-constrained autonomous systems at the edge often require real-time and low-energy solutions to large optimization problems. Event-based and memory-integrated neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Ashish Rao Mangalore , Gabriel Andres Fonseca Guerra , Sumedh R. Risbud , Philipp Stratmann , Andreas Wild

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) promise orders-of-magnitude lower power consumption and low-latency inference on neuromorphic hardware for a wide range of robotic tasks. In this work, we present an energy-efficient implementation of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Sirine Arfa , Bernhard Vogginger , Christian Mayr

Nanoscale resistive memories are expected to fuel dense integration of electronic synapses for large-scale neuromorphic system. To realize such a brain-inspired computing chip, a compact CMOS spiking neuron that performs in-situ learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-11-25 Xinyu Wu , Vishal Saxena , Kehan Zhu , Sakkarapani Balagopal