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In this study, we focus on estimating the heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) for survival outcome. The outcome is subject to censoring and the number of covariates is high-dimensional. We utilize data from both the randomized controlled…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-21 Xin Ye , Shu Yang , Xiaofei Wang , Yanyan Liu

Treatment effects can be estimated from observational data as the difference in potential outcomes. In this paper, we address the challenge of estimating the potential outcome when treatment-dose levels can vary continuously over time.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-07 Hossein Soleimani , Adarsh Subbaswamy , Suchi Saria

Time Series Alignment is a critical task in signal processing with numerous real-world applications. In practice, signals often exhibit temporal shifts and scaling, making classification on raw data prone to errors. This paper introduces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Alireza Nourbakhsh , Hoda Mohammadzade

In the context of medical decision making, counterfactual prediction enables clinicians to predict treatment outcomes of interest under alternative courses of therapeutic actions given observed patient history. In this work, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Hong Xiong , Feng Wu , Leon Deng , Megan Su , Li-wei H Lehman

Video Temporal Grounding (VTG) faces a cross-modal semantic gap that often leads to background features being incorrectly aligned with the query, while directly matching the query to moments results in insufficient discriminability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ran Ran , Jiwei Wei , Shuchang Zhou , Yitong Qin , Shiyuan He , Zeyu Ma , Yuyang Zhou , Yang Yang

The synthetic control method (SCM) estimates causal effects in panel data with a single-treated unit by constructing a counterfactual outcome as a weighted combination of untreated control units that matches the pre-treatment trajectory. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Yuxin Wang , Dennis Frauen , Emil Javurek , Konstantin Hess , Yuchen Ma , Stefan Feuerriegel

Radiology Report Generation (RRG) draws attention as a vision-and-language interaction of biomedical fields. Previous works inherited the ideology of traditional language generation tasks, aiming to generate paragraphs with high readability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xiao Song , Jiafan Liu , Yun Li , Yan Liu , Wenbin Lei , Ruxin Wang

Temporal Sentence Grounding (TSG) aims to identify relevant moments in an untrimmed video that semantically correspond to a given textual query. Despite existing studies having made substantial progress, they often overlook the issue of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kefan Tang , Lihuo He , Jisheng Dang , Xinbo Gao

Consider sensitivity analysis to assess the worst-case possible values of counterfactual outcome means and average treatment effects under sequential unmeasured confounding in a longitudinal study with time-varying treatments and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-31 Zhiqiang Tan

Session-based recommendation (SR) models aim to recommend top-K items to a user, based on the user's behaviour during the current session. Several SR models are proposed in the literature, however,concerns have been raised about their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Muskan Gupta , Priyanka Gupta , Lovekesh Vig

Electronic records contain sequences of events, some of which take place all at once in a single visit, and others that are dispersed over multiple visits, each with a different timestamp. We postulate that fine temporal detail, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Mohammad Taha Bahadori , Zachary Chase Lipton

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) advance generalization and data efficiency in time series forecasting by unified large-scale pretraining. But TSFMs remain lacking when adapting to specific downstream forecasting tasks for two reasons.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-04 Siyang Li , Yize Chen , Zijie Zhu , Yuxin Pan , Yan Guo , Ming Huang , Hui Xiong

Temporal sentence grounding (TSG) aims to identify the temporal boundary of a specific segment from an untrimmed video by a sentence query. All existing works first utilize a sparse sampling strategy to extract a fixed number of video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Jiahao Zhu , Daizong Liu , Pan Zhou , Xing Di , Yu Cheng , Song Yang , Wenzheng Xu , Zichuan Xu , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun , Zeyu Xiong

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have received widespread attention as an ultra-low power computing paradigm. Recent studies have shown that SNNs suffer from severe overfitting, which limits their generalization performance. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Lin Zuo , Yongqi Ding , Wenwei Luo , Mengmeng Jing , Kunshan Yang

The rapid expansion of digital information and knowledge across structured and unstructured sources has heightened the importance of Information Retrieval (IR). While dense retrieval methods have substantially improved semantic matching for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-10 SeungYoon Han , Taeho Hwang , Sukmin Cho , Soyeong Jeong , Hoyun Song , Huije Lee , Jong C. Park

Time-parallel algorithms, such as Parareal, are well-understood for linear problems, but their convergence analysis for nonlinear, chaotic systems remains limited. This paper introduces a new theoretical framework for analysing…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Giancarlo Antonino Antonucci , Raphael Andreas Hauser , Debasmita Samaddar , James Buchanan

Counterfactual reasoning is an important paradigm applicable in many fields, such as healthcare, economics, and education. In this work, we propose a novel method to address the issue of \textit{selection bias}. We learn two groups of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Zichen Zhang , Qingfeng Lan , Lei Ding , Yue Wang , Negar Hassanpour , Russell Greiner

Irregularly sampled multivariate event streams remain a stubbornly difficult modality for generative modeling: tokenization-based approaches break down when inter-event intervals vary by orders of magnitude, and neural temporal point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mohammad R. Rezaei , Tejas Balaji , Rahul G. Krishnan

We investigate two recently proposed multivariate time series analysis techniques that aim at detecting phase synchronization clusters in spatially extended, nonstationary systems with regard to field applications. The starting point of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-03-15 Stephan Bialonski , Klaus Lehnertz

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by providing access to external knowledge. However, current research primarily focuses on retrieval quality, often overlooking the critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Zezhong Wang , Yuxi Zhang , Huimin Wang , Yutian Zhao , Yefeng Zheng , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong , Xian Wu