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This paper introduces a family of leaderless Byzantine fault tolerance protocols, built around a metastable mechanism via network subsampling. These protocols provide a strong probabilistic safety guarantee in the presence of Byzantine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Team Rocket , Maofan Yin , Kevin Sekniqi , Robbert van Renesse , Emin Gün Sirer

Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus forms the foundation of many modern blockchains striving for both high throughput and low latency. A growing bottleneck is transaction execution and validation on the critical path of consensus,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ignacio Amores-Sesar , Mirza Ahad Baig , Seth Gilbert , Ray Neiheiser , Michelle X. Yeo

Internet of Things (IoT) devices constantly generate heterogeneous data streams, driving demand for continuous, decentralized intelligence. Federated Lifelong Learning (FLL) provides an ideal solution by incorporating federated learning and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Handi Chen , Jing Deng , Xiuzhe Wu , Zhihan Jiang , Xinchen Zhang , Xianhao Chen , Edith C. H. Ngai

Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols ensure agreement on transaction ordering despite malicious actors, but unconstrained ordering power enables sophisticated value extraction attacks like front running and sandwich attacks -…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Pengkun Ren , Hai Dong , Nasrin Sohrabi , Zahir Tari , Pengcheng Zhang

This paper introduces Flexible BFT, a new approach for BFT consensus solution design revolving around two pillars, stronger resilience and diversity. The first pillar, stronger resilience, involves a new fault model called alive-but-corrupt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Dahlia Malkhi , Kartik Nayak , Ling Ren

The Narwhal system is a state-of-the-art Byzantine fault-tolerant scalable architecture that involves constructing a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of messages among a set of validators in a Blockchain network. Bullshark is a zero-overhead…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Alexander Spiegelman , Balaji Arun , Rati Gelashvili , Zekun Li

For applications of Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols where the participants are economic agents, recent works highlighted the importance of accountability: the ability to identify participants who provably violate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Joachim Neu , Ertem Nusret Tas , David Tse

Byzantine-fault-tolerant (BFT) protocols underlie a variety of decentralized applications including payments, auctions, data feed oracles, and decentralized social networks\cite{chainlink,lens}. In most leader-based BFT protocols, an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Bowen Xue , Soubhik Deb , Sreeram Kannan

We present Egalitarian BFT (EBFT), a simple and high-performance framework of BFT consensus protocols for decentralized systems like blockchains. The key innovation in EBFT is egalitarian block generation: nodes randomly and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Jianyu Niu , Runchao Han , Shengqi Liu , Fangyu Gai , Ivan Beschastnikh , Yinqian Zhang , Chen Feng

We present Mahi-Mahi, the first asynchronous BFT consensus protocol that achieves sub-second latency in the WAN while processing over 100,000 transactions per second. We accomplish this remarkable performance by building Mahi-Mahi on an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Philipp Jovanovic , Lefteris Kokoris Kogias , Bryan Kumara , Alberto Sonnino , Pasindu Tennage , Igor Zablotchi

Directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) protocols achieve high throughput by decoupling dissemination from agreement and allowing many vertices to be committed concurrently. This same concurrency, however, weakens…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Pengkun Ren , Dong Hai , Nasrin Sohrabi , Zahir Tari

This paper presents LinBFT, a novel Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocol for blockchain systems that achieves amortized O(n) communication volume per block under reasonable conditions (where n is the number of participants), while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Yin Yang

Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus, a cornerstone of blockchain technology, has seen significant advancements. While existing BFT protocols ensure security guarantees, they often suffer from efficiency challenges, particularly under…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Qingming Zeng , Mo Li , Ximing Fu , Chuanyi Liu , Hui Jiang

This paper presents a partially synchronous BFT consensus protocol powered by BBCA, a lightly modified Byzantine Consistent Broadcast (BCB) primitive. BBCA provides a Complete-Adopt semantic through an added probing interface to allow…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Dahlia Malkhi , Chrysoula Stathakopoulou , Maofan Yin

Critical infrastructures increasingly rely on interconnected and software-driven Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), exposing operational processes to both accidental failures and sophisticated adversarial behavior. While Byzantine Fault Tolerant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tadeu Freitas , João Soares , Rolando Martins

Byzantine consensus is a critical component in many permissioned Blockchains and distributed ledgers. We propose a new paradigm for designing BFT protocols called DQBFT that addresses three major performance and scalability challenges that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Balaji Arun , Binoy Ravindran

This paper presents LinSBFT, a Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) protocol with the capacity of processing over 2000 smart contract transactions per second in production. LinSBFT applies to a permissionless, public blockchain system, in which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Xiaodong Qi , Yin Yang , Zhao Zhang , Cheqing Jin , Aoying Zhou

We propose separating the task of reliable transaction dissemination from transaction ordering, to enable high-performance Byzantine fault-tolerant quorum-based consensus. We design and evaluate a mempool protocol, Narwhal, specializing in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-17 George Danezis , Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias , Alberto Sonnino , Alexander Spiegelman

Ensuring liveness in a decentralized system, such as PBFT, is critical, because there may not be any single administrator that can restart the system if it encounters a liveness bug. At the same time, liveness is challenging to achieve…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Derek Leung , Nickolai Zeldovich , Frans Kaashoek

The robust construction of the ledger data structure is an essential ingredient for the safe operation of a distributed ledger. While in traditional linear blockchain systems, permission to append to the structure is leader-based, in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Darcy Camargo , Andreas Penzkofer , Sebastian Müller , William Sanders