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FPGA-based hardware accelerators have received increasing attention mainly due to their ability to accelerate deep pipelined applications, thus resulting in higher computational performance and energy efficiency. Nevertheless, the amount of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-23 R. Nepomuceno , R. Sterle , G. Valarini , M. Pereira , H. Yviquel , G. Araujo

In recent years, interest in RISC-V computing architectures has moved from academic to mainstream, especially in the field of High Performance Computing where energy limitations are increasingly a concern. As of this year, the first single…

To address increasing compute demand from recent multi-model workloads with heavy models like large language models, we propose to deploy heterogeneous chiplet-based multi-chip module (MCM)-based accelerators. We develop an advanced…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Mohanad Odema , Hyoukjun Kwon , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Endpoint devices for Internet-of-Things not only need to work under extremely tight power envelope of a few milliwatts, but also need to be flexible in their computing capabilities, from a few kOPS to GOPS. Near-threshold(NT) operation can…

This paper presents the design and physical implementation of UET-RVMCU, a lightweight RISC-V microcontroller derived from the UETRV-PCore. Aimed at creating an accessible and flexible open-source RISC-V-based microcontroller, UET-RVMCU…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Abdullah Azhar , Uneeb Kamal , Wajid Ali , Saad Gillani , Dr Suleman Sami Qazi

With the increasing prevalence of chiplet systems in high-performance computing applications, the number of design options has increased dramatically. Instead of chips defaulting to a single die design, now there are options for 2.5D and 3D…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Alexander Graening , Jonti Talukdar , Saptadeep Pal , Krishnendu Chakrabarty , Puneet Gupta

In large-scale distributed LLM training, communication between devices becomes the key performance bottleneck. Chiplet technology can integrate multiple dies into a package to scale-up node performance with higher bandwidth. Meanwhile,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Kangbo Bai , Zhantong Zhu , Yifan Ding , Tianyu Jia

Integration of CPU and GPU technologies is a key enabler for modern AI and graphics workloads, combining control-oriented processing with massive parallel compute capability. As systems evolve toward chiplet-based architectures, pre-silicon…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nij Dorairaj , Debabrata Chatterjee , Hong Wang , Hong Jiang , Alankar Saxena , Altug Koker , Thiam Ern Lim , Cathrane Teoh , Chuan Yin Loo , Bishara Shomar , Anthony Lester

This article describes the first public implementation and evaluation of the latest version of the RISC-V hypervisor extension (H-extension v0.6.1) specification in a Rocket chip core. To perform a meaningful evaluation for modern…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Bruno Sá , José Martins , Sandro Pinto

Modern high-end systems are increasingly becoming heterogeneous, providing users options to use general purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPU) and other accelerators for additional performance. High Performance Computing (HPC) and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Alex Brooks , Philip Marshall , David Ozog , Md. Wasi-ur- Rahman , Lawrence Stewart , Rithwik Tom

Rapid advancements in RISC-V hardware development shift the focus from low-level optimizations to higher-level parallelization. Recent RISC-V processors, such as the SOPHON SG2042, have 64 cores. RISC-V processors with core counts…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Alexander Strack , Christopher Taylor , Dirk Pflüger

Vector architectures are gaining traction for highly efficient processing of data-parallel workloads, driven by all major ISAs (RISC-V, Arm, Intel), and boosted by landmark chips, like the Arm SVE-based Fujitsu A64FX, powering the TOP500…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Matteo Perotti , Matheus Cavalcante , Nils Wistoff , Renzo Andri , Lukas Cavigelli , Luca Benini

Funded by the UK ExCALIBUR H&ES exascale programme, since early 2022 we have provided a RISC-V testbed for HPC to offer free access for scientific software developers to experiment with RISC-V for their workloads. Based upon our experiences…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nick Brown

The pace of RISC-V adoption continues to grow rapidly, yet for the successes enjoyed in areas such as embedded computing, RISC-V is yet to gain ubiquity in High Performance Computing (HPC). The Sophon SG2044 is SOPHGO's next generation…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Nick Brown

The field of integrated circuit (IC) design is highly specialized, presenting significant barriers to entry and research and development challenges. Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various domains,…

The current trend for domain-specific architectures (DSAs) has led to renewed interest in research test chips to demonstrate new specialized hardware. Tape-outs also offer huge pedagogical value garnered from real hands-on exposure to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Paul Whatmough , Marco Donato , Glenn Ko , Sae-Kyu Lee , David Brooks , Gu-Yeon Wei

Whilst RISC-V has become popular in fields such as embedded computing, it is yet to find mainstream success in High Performance Computing (HPC). However, the 64-core RISC-V Sophon SG2042 is a potential game changer as it provides a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Nick Brown , Christopher Day

In-memory computing (IMC) on a monolithic chip for deep learning faces dramatic challenges on area, yield, and on-chip interconnection cost due to the ever-increasing model sizes. 2.5D integration or chiplet-based architectures interconnect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Gokul Krishnan , Sumit K. Mandal , Manvitha Pannala , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo , Umit Y. Ogras , Yu Cao

This paper introduces BASIC_RV32s, an open-source framework providing a practical microarchitectural roadmap for the RISC-V RV32I architecture, addressing the gap between theoretical knowledge and hardware implementation. Following the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hyun Woo Kang , Ji Woong Choi

In the context of the Horizon Europe project, METASAT, a hardware platform was developed as a prototype of future space systems. The platform is based on a multiprocessor NOEL-V, an established space-grade processor, which is integrated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Marc Solé i Bonet , Jannis Wolf , Leonidas Kosmidis