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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) trained with visual instruction tuning have achieved strong performance across diverse tasks, yet they remain limited in vision-centric tasks such as object counting or spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Heeji Yoon , Jaewoo Jung , Junwan Kim , Hyungyu Choi , Heeseong Shin , Sangbeom Lim , Honggyu An , Chaehyun Kim , Jisang Han , Donghyun Kim , Chanho Eom , Sunghwan Hong , Seungryong Kim

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables policy optimization using static datasets, avoiding the risks and costs of extensive real-world exploration. However, it struggles with suboptimal offline behaviors and inaccurate value estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Minting Pan , Yitao Zheng , Jiajian Li , Yunbo Wang , Xiaokang Yang

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated its potential to learn complex robotic manipulation tasks. However, RL still requires the robot to collect a large amount of real-world experience. To address this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Bohan Wu , Feng Xu , Zhanpeng He , Abhi Gupta , Peter K. Allen

Bipedal walking is one of the most difficult but exciting challenges in robotics. The difficulties arise from the complexity of high-dimensional dynamics, sensing and actuation limitations combined with real-time and computational…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Diego Rodriguez , Sven Behnke

Vision-based robotics often separates the control loop into one module for perception and a separate module for control. It is possible to train the whole system end-to-end (e.g. with deep RL), but doing it "from scratch" comes with a high…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Bryan Chen , Alexander Sax , Gene Lewis , Iro Armeni , Silvio Savarese , Amir Zamir , Jitendra Malik , Lerrel Pinto

Collecting training data from the physical world is usually time-consuming and even dangerous for fragile robots, and thus, recent advances in robot learning advocate the use of simulators as the training platform. Unfortunately, the…

Deep neural network based reinforcement learning (RL) can learn appropriate visual representations for complex tasks like vision-based robotic grasping without the need for manually engineering or prior learning a perception system.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Kanishka Rao , Chris Harris , Alex Irpan , Sergey Levine , Julian Ibarz , Mohi Khansari

This paper presents a Sim2Real (Simulation to Reality) approach to bridge the gap between a trained agent in a simulated environment and its real-world implementation in navigating a robot in a similar setting. Specifically, we focus on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Murad Mehrab Abrar , Souryadeep Mondal , Michelle Hickner

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) enables cognitive Autonomous Ground Vehicle (AGV) navigation utilizing raw sensor data without a-priori maps or GPS, which is a necessity in hazardous, information poor environments such as regions where…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Shathushan Sivashangaran , Apoorva Khairnar , Azim Eskandarian

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promise in robotics, but deploying RL on real vehicles remains challenging due to the complexity of vehicle dynamics and the mismatch between simulation and reality. Factors such as tire…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Thomas Steinecker , Alexander Bienemann , Denis Trescher , Thorsten Luettel , Mirko Maehlisch

Humanoid locomotion has advanced rapidly with deep reinforcement learning (DRL), enabling robust feet-based traversal over uneven terrain. Yet platforms beyond leg length remain largely out of reach because current RL training paradigms…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yikai Wang , Tingxuan Leng , Changyi Lin , Shiqi Liu , Shir Simon , Bingqing Chen , Jonathan Francis , Ding Zhao

Simulation-based reinforcement learning (RL) has significantly advanced humanoid locomotion tasks, yet direct real-world RL from scratch or adapting from pretrained policies remains rare, limiting the full potential of humanoid robots.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kaizhe Hu , Haochen Shi , Yao He , Weizhuo Wang , C. Karen Liu , Shuran Song

We present GR-RL, a robotic learning framework that turns a generalist vision-language-action (VLA) policy into a highly capable specialist for long-horizon dexterous manipulation. Assuming the optimality of human demonstrations is core to…

In this paper, we deal with the reality gap from a novel perspective, targeting transferring Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) policies learned in simulated environments to the real-world domain for visual control tasks. Instead of adopting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Jingwei Zhang , Lei Tai , Peng Yun , Yufeng Xiong , Ming Liu , Joschka Boedecker , Wolfram Burgard

Autonomous urban driving navigation with complex multi-agent dynamics is under-explored due to the difficulty of learning an optimal driving policy. The traditional modular pipeline heavily relies on hand-designed rules and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Xiaodan Liang , Tairui Wang , Luona Yang , Eric Xing

The sample inefficiency of reinforcement learning (RL) remains a significant challenge in robotics. RL requires large-scale simulation and can still cause long training times, slowing research and innovation. This issue is particularly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Johannes Heeg , Yunlong Song , Davide Scaramuzza

Simulation engines are widely adopted in robotics. However, they lack either full simulation control, ROS integration, realistic physics, or photorealism. Recently, synthetic data generation and realistic rendering has advanced tasks like…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Elia Bonetto , Chenghao Xu , Aamir Ahmad

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm in complex and continuous robotic tasks, however, safe exploration has been one of the main challenges, especially in contact-rich manipulation tasks in unstructured…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Heng Zhang , Gokhan Solak , Gustavo J. G. Lahr , Arash Ajoudani

Perceptive locomotion for legged robots requires anticipating and adapting to complex, dynamic environments. Model Predictive Control (MPC) serves as a strong baseline, providing interpretable motion planning with constraint enforcement,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aditya Shirwatkar , Satyam Gupta , Shishir Kolathaya

Humanoid robots hold great potential for diverse interactions and daily service tasks within human-centered environments, necessitating controllers that seamlessly integrate precise locomotion with dexterous manipulation. However, most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xinru Cui , Linxi Feng , Yixuan Zhou , Haoqi Han , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang