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Related papers: Subword Tokenization Strategies for Kurdish Word E…

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This work contributes towards balancing the inclusivity and global applicability of natural language processing techniques by proposing the first 'name entity recognition' dataset for Kurdish Sorani, a low-resource and under-represented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Bakhtawar Abdalla , Rebwar Mala Nabi , Hassan Eshkiki , Fabio Caraffini

Standard Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) tokenization compresses text by pairing a learned token vocabulary with a detailed merge list. Recent work has shown that this merge list exposes a potential attack surface for extracting information about…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tomohiro Sawada , Kartik Goyal

Recent work has shown the effectiveness of the word representations features in significantly improving supervised NER for the English language. In this study we investigate whether word representations can also boost supervised NER in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Ismail El Bazi , Nabil Laachfoubi

Subword tokenization methods like Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) are widely used in large language models due to their balance of vocabulary compactness and representational power. However, they suffer from inefficiencies in representing rare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Rares Dolga , Lucas Maystre , Tudor Berariu , David Barber

Tokenization is associated with many poorly understood shortcomings in language models (LMs), yet remains an important component for long sequence scaling purposes. This work studies how tokenization impacts model performance by analyzing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Buu Phan , Brandon Amos , Itai Gat , Marton Havasi , Matthew Muckley , Karen Ullrich

Language models typically tokenize text into subwords, using a deterministic, hand-engineered heuristic of combining characters into longer surface-level strings such as 'ing' or whole words. Recent literature has repeatedly shown the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Avijit Thawani , Saurabh Ghanekar , Xiaoyuan Zhu , Jay Pujara

An important assumption that comes with using LLMs on psycholinguistic data has gone unverified. LLM-based predictions are based on subword tokenization, not decomposition of words into morphemes. Does that matter? We carefully test this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Sathvik Nair , Philip Resnik

In this digital era, almost in every discipline people are using automated systems that generate information represented in document format in different natural languages. As a result, there is a growing interest towards better solutions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Dessalew Yohannes , Yeregal Assabie

Tokenization is the act of breaking down text into smaller parts, or tokens, that are easier for machines to process. This is a key phase in machine translation (MT) models. Subword tokenization enhances this process by breaking down words…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Sudhansu Bala Das , Samujjal Choudhury , Tapas Kumar Mishra , Bidyut Kr. Patra

The complexities of Arabic language in morphology, orthography and dialects makes sentiment analysis for Arabic more challenging. Also, text feature extraction from short messages like tweets, in order to gauge the sentiment, makes this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Abdulaziz M. Alayba , Vasile Palade , Matthew England , Rahat Iqbal

Many deep learning architectures have been proposed to model the compositionality in text sequences, requiring a substantial number of parameters and expensive computations. However, there has not been a rigorous evaluation regarding the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Dinghan Shen , Guoyin Wang , Wenlin Wang , Martin Renqiang Min , Qinliang Su , Yizhe Zhang , Chunyuan Li , Ricardo Henao , Lawrence Carin

End-to-end transformer-based models epitomize the cutting-edge in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. Despite their substantial benefits, these models demand extensive training data to perform optimally, presenting a significant…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Abdulhady Abas Abdullah , Hadi Veisi , Tarik Rashid

Urdu, spoken by 230 million people worldwide, lacks dedicated transformer-based language models and curated corpora. While multilingual models provide limited Urdu support, they suffer from poor performance, high computational costs, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Syed Muhammad Ali , Hammad Sajid , Zainab Haider , Ali Muhammad Asad , Haya Fatima , Abdul Samad

The present paper aims at presenting a lemmatization and a word-level error correction system for Sorani Kurdish. We propose a hybrid approach based on the morphological rules and a n-gram language model. We have called our lemmatization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Shahin Salavati , Sina Ahmadi

Tokenization is the first -- and often least scrutinized -- step of most NLP pipelines. Standard algorithms for learning tokenizers rely on frequency-based objectives, which favor languages dominant in the training data and consequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Negar Foroutan , Clara Meister , Debjit Paul , Joel Niklaus , Sina Ahmadi , Antoine Bosselut , Rico Sennrich

We present a novel metric for the evaluation of the morphological plausibility of subword segmentation. Unlike the typically used morpheme boundary or retrieval F-score, which requires gold segmentation data that is either unavailable or of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Abishek Stephen , Jindřich Libovický

Almost all existing machine translation models are built on top of character-based vocabularies: characters, subwords or words. Rare characters from noisy text or character-rich languages such as Japanese and Chinese however can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Changhan Wang , Kyunghyun Cho , Jiatao Gu

Tokenization is a critical preprocessing step for large language models (LLMs), directly impacting training efficiency and downstream performance. General-purpose tokenizers trained predominantly on English and Latin-script languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mark Kashirskiy , Artiom Lipinski , Ilya Makarov

Tokenization is a crucial step in information retrieval, especially for lexical matching algorithms, where the quality of indexable tokens directly impacts the effectiveness of a retrieval system. Since different languages have unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Odunayo Ogundepo , Xinyu Zhang , Jimmy Lin

Due to their ease of use and high accuracy, Word2Vec (W2V) word embeddings enjoy great success in the semantic representation of words, sentences, and whole documents as well as for semantic similarity estimation. However, they have the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Tim vor der Brück , Marc Pouly