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The practical realizations of BB84 quantum key distribution protocol using single-photon or weak coherent states have normally presented low efficiency, in the meaning that most bits sent by Alice are not useful for the final key. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Fabio Alencar Mendonca , Rubens Viana Ramos

In recent times, secure quantum communication in layered networks has emerged as an important area of study. In this paper, we harness the potential offered by multidimensional states in secure quantum communication with only one quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Rajni Bala , Sooryansh Asthana , V. Ravishankar

We developed a modified version of a conventional (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol that can be understood and implemented by students at a pre-university level. We intentionally introduce a subtle but critical simplification to the…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-12-16 Adrian Nugraha Utama , Jianwei Lee , Mathias Alexander Seidler

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) has been proven for different protocols, in particular for the BB84 protocol. It has been shown that this scheme is robust against eventual imperfections in the state preparation, and sending…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-05 Davide Rusca , Alberto Boaron , Marcos Curty , Anthony Martin , Hugo Zbinden

The safety of a quantum key distribution system relies on the fact that any eavesdropping attempt on the quantum channel creates errors in the transmission. For a given error rate, the amount of information that may have leaked to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 B. Huttner , N. Imoto , N. Gisin , T. Mor

Quantum key distribution, which allows two distant parties to share an unconditionally secure cryptographic key, promises to play an important role in the future of communication. For this reason such technique has attracted many…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two users to exchange a provably secure key for cryptographic applications. In prepare-and-measure QKD protocols, the states must be indistinguishable to prevent information leakage to an eavesdropper…

A quantum key distribution protocol with classical Bob based on polarization entangled photon pairs is presented. It approximates a single photon and exploited the inherent randomness of quantum measurements to attain highly secure keys and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-23 Zhiwei Sun , Ruigang Du , Dongyang Long

A new scheme of Quantum Key Distribution is proposed using three entangled particles in a GHZ state. Alice holds a 3-particle source and sends two particles to Bob, keeping one with herself. Bob uses one particle to generate a secure key,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-23 Tabish Qureshi , Tabish Shibli , Aditi Sheel

We propose a new quantum key distribution scheme that uses the blind polarization basis. In our scheme the sender and the receiver share key information by exchanging qubits with arbitrary polarization angles without basis reconciliation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Won-Ho Kye , Chil-Min Kim , M. S. Kim , Young-Jai Park

We present a rigorous and complete security proof of the decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. Our analysis aims to achieve a high standard of mathematical rigour and completeness, thereby providing the necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Devashish Tupkary , Shlok Nahar , Amir Arqand , Ernest Y. -Z. Tan , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We introduce symmetric extensions of bipartite quantum states as a tool for analyzing protocols that distill secret key from quantum correlations. Whether the correlations are coming from a prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-03 Geir Ove Myhr , Joseph M. Renes , Andrew C. Doherty , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises provably secure communications. In order to improve the secret key rate, combining a biased basis choice with the decoy-state method is proposed. Concomitantly, there is a basis-independent detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Hua-Lei Yin , Peng Liu , Wei-Wei Dai , Zhao-Hui Ci , Jie Gu , Tian Gao , Qiang-Wei Wang , Zi-Yao Shen

BB84-based quantum key distribution system is limited in high speed and chip integration due to the requirement of four states preparation and measurement. Recently, the simplified BB84 protocol with only three states preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-19 Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We introduce a new quantum key distribution protocol that uses d-level quantum systems to encode an alphabet with c letters. It has the property that the error rate introduced by an intercept-and-resend attack tends to one as the numbers c…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-15 Stephen Brierley

Quantum key distribution provides secure keys with information-theoretic security ensured by the principle of quantum mechanics. The continuous-variable version of quantum key distribution using coherent states offers the advantages of its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Yichen Zhang , Yiming Bian , Zhengyu Li , Song Yu , Hong Guo

In this work, we present a quantum secret sharing scheme based on Bell state entanglement and sequential projection measurements. The protocol verifies the $n$ out of $n$ scheme and supports the aborting of the protocol in case all the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-17 Farhan Musanna , Sanjeev Kumar

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two spatially separated parties to securely generate a cryptographic key. The first QKD protocol, published by C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard in 1984 (BB84), describes how this is achieved by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-13 Olli Ahonen

We construct general schemes for multi-partite quantum secret sharing using multi-level systems, and find that the consistent conditions for valid measurements can be summarized in two simple algebraic conditions. The scheme using the very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-22 I-Ching Yu , Feng-Li Lin , Ching-Yu Huang

Here we concerned with quantum key distribution - a way to establish common cryptographic key between several parties. The work proposes a combination between quantum key distribution and systematic polar coding (an error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Georgi Bebrov