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RISC-V is a RISC based open and loyalty free instruction set architecture which has been developed since 2010, and can be used for cost-effective soft processors on FPGAs. The basic 32-bit integer instruction set in RISC-V is defined as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-30 Hiromu Miyazaki , Takuto Kanamori , Md Ashraful Islam , Kenji Kise

This paper presents a mixed-signal neuromorphic accelerator architecture designed for accelerating inference with event-based neural network models. This fully CMOS-compatible accelerator utilizes analog computing to emulate synapse and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Armin Abdollahi , Mehdi Kamal , Massoud Pedram

Fast and energy-efficient low-bitwidth floating-point (FP) arithmetic is essential for Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Microscaling (MX) standardized formats have recently emerged as a promising alternative to baseline low-bitwidth FP…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Gamze İslamoğlu , Luca Bertaccini , Arpan Suravi Prasad , Francesco Conti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

This work introduces lightweight extensions to the RISC-V ISA to boost the efficiency of heavily Quantized Neural Network (QNN) inference on microcontroller-class cores. By extending the ISA with nibble (4-bit) and crumb (2-bit) SIMD…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have become popular for their more bio-realistic behavior than Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). However, effectively leveraging the intrinsic, unstructured sparsity of SNNs in hardware is challenging,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Ilkin Aliyev , Tosiron Adegbija

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has shown extraordinary potential in accelerating neural networks. To evaluate the performance of PIM accelerators, we present an ISA-based simulation framework including a dedicated ISA targeting neural networks…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Xinyu Wang , Xiaotian Sun , Yinhe Han , Xiaoming Chen

FPGA accelerators for lightweight neural convolutional networks (LWCNNs) have recently attracted significant attention. Most existing LWCNN accelerators focus on single-Computing-Engine (CE) architecture with local optimization. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zhiyuan Zhao , Yihao Chen , Pengcheng Feng , Jixing Li , Gang Chen , Rongxuan Shen , Huaxiang Lu

In this paper, the foundations of neuromorphic computing, spiking neural networks (SNNs) and memristors, are analyzed and discussed. Neuromorphic computing is then applied to FPGA design for digital signal processing (DSP). Finite impulse…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Justin London

High-Performance Computing (HPC) processors are nowadays integrated Cyber-Physical Systems demanding complex and high-bandwidth closed-loop power and thermal control strategies. To efficiently satisfy real-time multi-input multi-output…

Artificial intelligence necessitates adaptable hardware accelerators for efficient high-throughput million operations. We present pipelined architecture with CORDIC block for linear MAC computations and nonlinear iterative Activation…

Probabilistic bits (p-bits) offer an energy-efficient hardware abstraction for stochastic optimization; however, existing p-bit-based simulated annealing accelerators suffer from poor scalability and limited support for fully connected…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Naoya Onizawa , Taiga Kubuta , Duckgyu Shin , Takahiro Hanyu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are extensively utilized in brain-inspired computing and neuroscience research. To enhance the speed and energy efficiency of SNNs, several many-core accelerators have been developed. However, maintaining the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Zhuo Chen , De Ma , Xiaofei Jin , Qinghui Xing , Ouwen Jin , Xin Du , Shuibing He , Gang Pan

Tensor processing units (TPUs) are one of the most well-known machine learning (ML) accelerators utilized at large scale in data centers as well as in tiny ML applications. TPUs offer several improvements and advantages over conventional ML…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Mohammed Elbtity , Peyton Chandarana , Ramtin Zand

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) require high throughput hardware accelerators for real time applications owing to their huge computational cost. Most traditional CNN accelerators rely on single core, linear processing elements (PEs) in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Mahmood Azhar Qureshi , Arslan Munir

Hardware-based acceleration is an extensive attempt to facilitate many computationally-intensive mathematics operations. This paper proposes an FPGA-based architecture to accelerate the convolution operation - a complex and expensive…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Trung Dinh Pham , Bao Gia Bach , Lam Trinh Luu , Minh Dinh Nguyen , Hai Duc Pham , Khoa Bui Anh , Xuan Quang Nguyen , Cuong Pham Quoc

This paper introduces a novel 32-bit microprocessor, based on the RISC-V instruction set architecture, is designed,utilising a dynamic clock source to achieve high efficiency, overcoming the limitations of hardware delays. In addition, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Keyu Chen , Xuyi Hu , Robert Killey

The field of edge computing has witnessed remarkable growth owing to the increasing demand for real-time processing of data in applications. However, challenges persist due to limitations in performance and power consumption. To overcome…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Simone Machetti , Pasquale Davide Schiavone , Thomas Christoph Müller , Miguel Peón-Quirós , David Atienza

There is a growing necessity for edge training to adapt to dynamically changing environment. Neuromorphic computing represents a significant pathway for high-efficiency intelligent computation in energy-constrained edges, but existing…

Data-parallel problems demand ever growing floating-point (FP) operations per second under tight area- and energy-efficiency constraints. In this work, we present Manticore, a general-purpose, ultra-efficient chiplet-based architecture for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Florian Zaruba , Fabian Schuiki , Luca Benini