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We introduce LAMP (Local Attribution Mapping Probe), a method that shines light onto a black-box language model's decision surface and studies how reliably a model maps its stated reasons to its reported predictions by approximating a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ryan Chen , Youngmin Ko , Zeyu Zhang , Catherine Cho , Sunny Chung , Mauro Giuffré , Dennis L. Shung , Bradly C. Stadie

Large language models augmented with task-relevant documents have demonstrated impressive performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, regarding how to obtain effective documents, the existing methods are mainly divided into two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhangyin Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Dezhi Zhao , Maojin Yang , Bing Qin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in knowledge-intensive tasks but face limitations in complex multi-step reasoning. While recent methods have integrated RAG with chain-of-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zhongxiang Sun , Qipeng Wang , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Song Yang , Han Li

Evidence synthesis has advanced through improved reporting standards, bias assessment tools, and analytic methods, but current workflows remain limited by a single-layer structure in which conceptual, methodological, and procedural…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-11 Hung Kuan Lee

Gastrointestinal diseases impose a growing global health burden, and endoscopy is a primary tool for early diagnosis. However, routine endoscopic image interpretation still suffers from missed lesions and limited efficiency. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Peixi Peng , Housheng Xie , Yanling Wei , Guangcong Ruan , Xiaoyang Zou , Qian Cao , Yongjian Nian , Guoyan Zheng

Domain shift in histopathology, often caused by differences in acquisition processes or data sources, poses a major challenge to the generalization ability of deep learning models. Existing methods primarily rely on modeling statistical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Kieu-Anh Truong Thi , Huy-Hieu Pham , Duc-Trong Le

Eye-tracking data reveals valuable insights into users' cognitive states but is difficult to analyze due to its structured, non-linguistic nature. While large language models (LLMs) excel at reasoning over text, they struggle with temporal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Dongyang Guo , Yasmeen Abdrabou , Enkeleda Thaqi , Enkelejda Kasneci

Accurate yet interpretable image-based diagnosis remains a central challenge in medical AI, particularly in settings characterized by limited data, subtle visual cues, and high-stakes clinical decision-making. Most existing vision models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Midhat Urooj , Ayan Banerjee , Sandeep Gupta

Advances in large language models (LLMs) have encouraged their adoption in the healthcare domain where vital clinical information is often contained in unstructured notes. Cancer staging status is available in clinical reports, but it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Chia-Hsuan Chang , Mary M. Lucas , Yeawon Lee , Christopher C. Yang , Grace Lu-Yao

Large reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1 generate extended chains of thought spanning thousands of tokens, yet their integration with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) remains fundamentally misaligned. Current RAG systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Dongxin Guo , Jikun Wu , Siu Ming Yiu

Accurate diagnosis and prognosis assisted by pathology images are essential for cancer treatment selection and planning. Despite the recent trend of adopting deep-learning approaches for analyzing complex pathology images, they fall short…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Awais Naeem , Tianhao Li , Huang-Ru Liao , Jiawei Xu , Aby M. Mathew , Zehao Zhu , Zhen Tan , Ajay Kumar Jaiswal , Raffi A. Salibian , Ziniu Hu , Tianlong Chen , Ying Ding

Effective financial reasoning demands not only textual understanding but also the ability to interpret complex visual data such as charts, tables, and trend graphs. This paper introduces a new benchmark designed to evaluate how well AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Shuangyan Deng , Haizhou Peng , Jiachen Xu , Chunhou Liu , Ciprian Doru Giurcuaneanu , Jiamou Liu

Multimodal Multi-hop question answering requires integrating information from diverse sources, such as images and texts, to derive answers. Existing methods typically rely on sequential retrieval and reasoning, where each step builds on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yiheng Hu , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Qian Fu , Wenjie Zhang , Liming Zhu

Clinical diagnosis requires answers that are accurate, verifiable, and explicitly grounded in official guidelines. While large language models excel at natural language processing, their tendency to hallucinate undermines their utility in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Navapat Nananukul , Mayank Kejriwal

The growing integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) models into high-stakes domains such as healthcare and scientific research calls for models that are not only accurate but also interpretable. Among the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zhuo Cao , Xuan Zhao , Lena Krieger , Hanno Scharr , Ira Assent

Owing to recent advancements, Large Language Models (LLMs) can now be deployed as agents for increasingly complex decision-making applications in areas including robotics, gaming, and API integration. However, reflecting past experiences in…

Automating radiology report generation poses a dual challenge: building clinically reliable systems and designing rigorous evaluation protocols. We introduce a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework that serves as both a benchmark and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ahmed T. Elboardy , Ghada Khoriba , Essam A. Rashed

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising direction for augmenting clinical diagnostic decision support and reducing diagnostic errors, a leading contributor to medical errors. To further the development of clinical AI systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Brihat Sharma , Yanjun Gao , Timothy Miller , Matthew M. Churpek , Majid Afshar , Dmitriy Dligach

Extracting structured information from clinical notes requires navigating a dense web of interdependent variables where the value of one attribute logically constrains others. Existing Large Language Model (LLM)-based extraction pipelines…

The diagnosis of oral diseases presents a problematic clinical challenge, characterized by a wide spectrum of pathologies with overlapping symptomatology. To address this, we developed Clinical Semantic Intelligence (CSI), a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mohammad Mashayekhi , Sara Ahmadi Majd , Arian AmirAmjadi , Parsa Hosseini