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Motivation: Despite advances in the computational analysis of high-throughput molecular profiling assays (e.g. transcriptomics), a dichotomy exists between methods that are simple and interpretable, and ones that are complex but with lower…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Pedro Henrique da Costa Avelar , Min Wu , Sophia Tsoka

Accurate and interpretable multi-disease diagnosis remains a critical challenge in medical research, particularly when leveraging heterogeneous multimodal medical data. Current approaches often rely on single-modal data, limiting their…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Yuting Zhang , Kaishen Yuan , Hao Lu , Yutao Yue , Jintai Chen , Kaishun Wu

Ensuring transparency and trust in AI-driven public health and biomedical sciences systems requires more than accurate predictions-it demands explanations that are clear, contextual, and socially accountable. While explainable AI (XAI) has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Bahar İlgen , Akshat Dubey , Georges Hattab

Unlocking deep and interpretable biological reasoning from complex genomic data remains a major AI challenge limiting scientific progress. While current DNA foundation models excel at representing sequences, they struggle with multi-step…

Pathology is essential for cancer diagnosis, with multiple instance learning (MIL) widely used for whole slide image (WSI) analysis. WSIs exhibit a natural hierarchy -- patches, regions, and slides -- with distinct semantic associations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Peixiang Huang , Yanyan Huang , Weiqin Zhao , Junjun He , Lequan Yu

Computer-aided diagnosis systems hold great promise to aid radiologists and clinicians in radiological clinical practice and enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. However, the conventional systems primarily focus on delivering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Sheng Wang , Tianming Du , Katherine Fischer , Gregory E Tasian , Justin Ziemba , Joanie M Garratt , Hersh Sagreiya , Yong Fan

The rapid digitization of histopathology slides has opened up new possibilities for computational tools in clinical and research workflows. Among these, content-based slide retrieval stands out, enabling pathologists to identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hongyi Wang , Zhengjie Zhu , Jiabo Ma , Fang Wang , Yue Shi , Bo Luo , Jili Wang , Qiuyu Cai , Xiuming Zhang , Yen-Wei Chen , Lanfen Lin , Hao Chen

Language assessment plays a crucial role in diagnosing and treating individuals with speech, language, and communication disorders caused by neurogenic conditions, whether developmental or acquired. However, current assessment methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Charalambos Themistocleous

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) greatly enhances large language models (LLMs) performance in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, naive RAG methods struggle with multi-hop question answering due to their limited capacity to capture…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Junchen Li , Rongzheng Wang , Yihong Huang , Qizhi Chen , Jiasheng Zhang , Shuang Liang

Large language models (LLMs) have become the cornerstone of modern AI. However, the existing paradigm of next-token prediction fundamentally limits their ability to form coherent, high-level concepts, making it a critical barrier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Michael K. Chen , Xikun Zhang , Jiaxing Huang , Dacheng Tao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been extensively employed to mitigate hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods for multi-hop reasoning tasks often lack global planning, increasing the risk of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yijie Zhu , Haojie Zhou , Wanting Hong , Tailin Liu , Ning Wang

Objective: Disease knowledge graphs are a way to connect, organize, and access disparate information about diseases with numerous benefits for artificial intelligence (AI). To create knowledge graphs, it is necessary to extract knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Yucong Lin , Keming Lu , Sheng Yu , Tianxi Cai , Marinka Zitnik

Self-learning paradigms in large-scale conversational AI agents tend to leverage user feedback in bridging between what they say and what they mean. However, such learning, particularly in Markov-based query rewriting systems have far from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Pragaash Ponnusamy , Clint Solomon Mathialagan , Gustavo Aguilar , Chengyuan Ma , Chenlei Guo

With the ongoing development of deep learning, an increasing number of AI models have surpassed the performance levels of human clinical practitioners. However, the prevalence of AI diagnostic products in actual clinical practice remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Chenglong Wang , Yinqiao Yi , Yida Wang , Chengxiu Zhang , Yun Liu , Kensaku Mori , Mei Yuan , Guang Yang

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Dermatological care via telemedicine often lacks the rich context of in-person visits. Clinicians must make diagnoses based on a handful of images and brief descriptions, without the benefit of physical exams, second opinions, or reference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Karishma Thakrar , Shreyas Basavatia , Akshay Daftardar

Motivation: Disease diagnosis oriented dialogue system models the interactive consultation procedure as Markov Decision Process and reinforcement learning algorithms are used to solve the problem. Existing approaches usually employ a flat…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Cheng Zhong , Kangenbei Liao , Wei Chen , Qianlong Liu , Baolin Peng , Xuanjing Huang , Jiajie Peng , Zhongyu Wei

Accurate and interpretable survival analysis remains a core challenge in oncology. With growing multimodal data and the clinical need for transparent models to support validation and trust, this challenge increases in complexity. We propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mafalda Malafaia , Peter A. N. Bosman , Coen Rasch , Tanja Alderliesten

Technological advances have enabled the generation of unique and complementary types of data or views (e.g. genomics, proteomics, metabolomics) and opened up a new era in multiview learning research with the potential to lead to new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Hengkang Wang , Han Lu , Ju Sun , Sandra E Safo

The histopathological analysis of whole-slide images (WSIs) is fundamental to cancer diagnosis but is a time-consuming and expert-driven process. While deep learning methods show promising results, dominant patch-based methods artificially…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-08 Alexander Weers , Alexander H. Berger , Laurin Lux , Peter Schüffler , Daniel Rueckert , Johannes C. Paetzold