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Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) reinforcement learning is a powerful learning paradigm which seeks to maximize return under entropy regularization. However, action entropy does not necessarily coincide with state entropy, e.g., when multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Nir Baram , Guy Tennenholtz , Shie Mannor

This dissertation makes three main contributions. First, We identify a new connection between policy gradient and dynamic programming in MMDPs and propose the Coordinate Ascent Dynamic Programming (CADP) algorithm to compute a Markov policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xihong Su

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) often suffer from overthinking, generating unnecessarily long reasoning chains even for simple tasks. This leads to substantial computational overhead with limited performance gain, primarily due to redundant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ruichu Cai , Haopeng Du , Qingwen Lin , Yutong Chen , Zijian Li , Boyan Xu

Maximum Tsallis entropy (MTE) framework in reinforcement learning has gained popularity recently by virtue of its flexible modeling choices including the widely used Shannon entropy and sparse entropy. However, non-Shannon entropies suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Lingwei Zhu , Zheng Chen , Eiji Uchibe , Takamitsu Matsubara

Reliant on too many experiments to learn good actions, current Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have limited applicability in real-world settings, which can be too expensive to allow exploration. We propose an algorithm for batch RL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Rasool Fakoor , Jonas Mueller , Kavosh Asadi , Pratik Chaudhari , Alexander J. Smola

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning improves large language model performance on complex tasks, but often produces excessively long and inefficient reasoning traces. Existing methods shorten CoTs using length penalties or global entropy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xuan Xiong , Huan Liu , Li Gu , Zhixiang Chi , Yue Qiu , Yuanhao Yu , Yang Wang

Economic model predictive control (EMPC) is a promising methodology for optimal operation of dynamical processes that has been shown to improve process economics considerably. However, EMPC performance relies heavily on the accuracy of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-10 Khalid Alhazmi , Fahad Albalawi , S. Mani Sarathy

Model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) works well when experience can be collected cheaply and model-based RL is effective when system dynamics can be modeled accurately. However, both assumptions can be violated in real world problems such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Mohak Bhardwaj , Ankur Handa , Dieter Fox , Byron Boots

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for learning optimal policies in environments where direct exploration is expensive or unfeasible. However, the adoption of such policies in practice is often challenging, as they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Aaron Sonabend-W , Junwei Lu , Leo A. Celi , Tianxi Cai , Peter Szolovits

As access to high-quality, domain-specific data grows increasingly scarce, multi-epoch training has become a practical strategy for adapting large language models (LLMs). However, autoregressive models often suffer from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiapeng Wang , Yiwen Hu , Yanzipeng Gao , Haoyu Wang , Shuo Wang , Hongyu Lu , Jiaxin Mao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Junyi Li , Xiao Zhang

This work introduces Transformer-based Off-Policy Episodic Reinforcement Learning (TOP-ERL), a novel algorithm that enables off-policy updates in the ERL framework. In ERL, policies predict entire action trajectories over multiple time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Ge Li , Dong Tian , Hongyi Zhou , Xinkai Jiang , Rudolf Lioutikov , Gerhard Neumann

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) aims to learn a reward function and a corresponding policy that best fit the demonstrated trajectories of an expert. However, current IRL works cannot learn incrementally from an ongoing trajectory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shicheng Liu , Minghui Zhu

The principle of maximum entropy is a broadly applicable technique for computing a distribution with the least amount of information possible while constrained to match empirically estimated feature expectations. However, in many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Kenneth Bogert , Yikang Gui , Prashant Doshi

We propose a new policy iteration theory as an important extension of soft policy iteration and Soft Actor-Critic (SAC), one of the most efficient model free algorithms for deep reinforcement learning. Supported by the new theory, arbitrary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Gang Chen , Yiming Peng

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) algorithms infer a reward function that explains demonstrations provided by an expert acting in the environment. Maximum Causal Entropy (MCE) IRL is currently the most popular formulation of IRL, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Adam Gleave , Sam Toyer

This paper introduces Meta-Q-Learning (MQL), a new off-policy algorithm for meta-Reinforcement Learning (meta-RL). MQL builds upon three simple ideas. First, we show that Q-learning is competitive with state-of-the-art meta-RL algorithms if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Rasool Fakoor , Pratik Chaudhari , Stefano Soatto , Alexander J. Smola

Being able to solve a task in diverse ways makes agents more robust to task variations and less prone to local optima. In this context, constrained diversity optimization has become a useful reinforcement learning (RL) framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Cornelius V. Braun , Sayantan Auddy , Marc Toussaint

On-policy self-distillation trains a reasoning model on its own rollouts while a teacher, often the same model conditioned on privileged context, provides dense token-level supervision. Existing objectives typically weight the teacher's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Junlong Ke , Zichen Wen , Weijia Li , Conghui He , Linfeng Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms have been successfully applied to a range of challenging control tasks. However, these methods typically suffer from three core difficulties: temporal credit assignment with sparse rewards, lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Shauharda Khadka , Kagan Tumer

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential in complex control tasks, particularly when combined with deep neural networks within the Actor-Critic (AC) framework. However, in practical applications, balancing exploration, learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zhiwei Shang , Xinyi Yuan , Wenjun Huang , Yunduan Cui , Di Chen , Meixin Zhu
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