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In the case of upgrading smart contracts on blockchain systems, it is essential to consider the continuity of upgrades and subsequent maintenance. In practice, upgrade operations often introduce new vulnerabilities. Existing static analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaoqi Li , Lei Xie , Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li

As the Ethereum platform continues to mature and gain widespread usage, it is crucial to maintain high standards of smart contract writing practices. While bad practices in smart contracts may not directly lead to security issues, they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiaoqi Li , Zongwei Li , Wenkai Li , Yuqing Zhang , Xin Wang

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, smart contract security has become a critical challenge. Existing smart contract vulnerability detection methods face three main issues: (1) Insufficient quality of datasets, lacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Lei Yu , Shiqi Chen , Hang Yuan , Peng Wang , Zhirong Huang , Jingyuan Zhang , Chenjie Shen , Fengjun Zhang , Li Yang , Jiajia Ma

Smart contracts are essential for managing digital assets in blockchain networks, highlighting the need for effective security measures. This paper introduces SmartLLMSentry, a novel framework that leverages large language models (LLMs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Oualid Zaazaa , Hanan El Bakkali

This paper provides a systematic analysis of the opportunities, challenges, and potential solutions of harnessing Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 to dig out vulnerabilities within smart contracts based on our ongoing research.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Fatih İlhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Ling Liu

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are critical components in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs). Their potential exposure to external world makes them susceptible to cyber-attacks. Existing detection methods against controller logic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hao Zhou , Suman Sourav , Binbin Chen , Ke Yu

Currently, smart contract vulnerabilities (SCVs) have emerged as a major factor threatening the transaction security of blockchain. Existing state-of-the-art methods rely on deep learning to mitigate this threat. They treat each input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yizhou Chen , Zeyu Sun , Zhihao Gong , Dan Hao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being used more and more for various coding tasks, including to help coders identify bugs and are a promising avenue to support coders in various tasks including vulnerability detection -- particularly given…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ignacio Mariano Andreozzi Pofcher , Joshua Ellul

Smart contracts, predominantly written in Solidity and deployed on blockchains such as Ethereum, are immutable after deployment, making functional correctness critical. However, existing evaluations of Solidity code generation rely largely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zaoyu Chen , Haoran Qin , Nuo Chen , Xiangyu Zhao , Lei Xue , Xiapu Luo , Xiao-Ming Wu

Smart Contracts are essential blockchain components, mainly written in Solidity. The high availability of public Solidity code leads to frequent reuse and high clone ratios. Since cloning can propagate vulnerabilities and flaws, effective…

Smart contract vulnerabilities, particularly improper Access Control that allows unauthorized execution of restricted functions, have caused billions of dollars in losses. GitHub hosts numerous smart contract repositories containing source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Chong Chen , Jiachi Chen , Lingfeng Bao , David Lo , Yanlin Wang , Zhenyu Shan , Ting Chen , Guangqiang Yin , Jianxing Yu , Zibin Zheng

User-defined keyword spotting on a resource-constrained edge device is challenging. However, keywords are often bounded by a maximum keyword length, which has been largely under-leveraged in prior works. Our analysis of keyword-length…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Kumari Nishu , Minsik Cho , Devang Naik

As the Ethereum platform continues to mature and gain widespread usage, it is crucial to maintain high standards of smart contract writing practices. While bad practices in smart contracts may not directly lead to security issues, they do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zongwei Li , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li , Xin Wang

Even though much progress has been made in identifying and mitigating smart contract vulnerabilities, we often hear about coding or design issues leading to great financial losses. This paper presents our progress toward finding defects…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Stefan-Claudiu Susan

Smart contracts on the blockchain offer decentralized financial services but often lack robust security measures, leading to significant economic losses. While substantial research has focused on identifying vulnerabilities in smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Youwei Huang , Sen Fang , Jianwen Li , Bin Hu , Tao Zhang

The rapid growth of Ethereum has made it more important to quickly and accurately detect smart contract vulnerabilities. While machine-learning-based methods have shown some promise, many still rely on rule-based preprocessing designed by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Uisang Lee , Changhoon Chung , Junmo Lee , Soo-Mook Moon

The previous smart contract code comment (SCC) generation approaches can be divided into two categories: fine-tuning paradigm-based approaches and information retrieval-based approaches. However, for the fine-tuning paradigm-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Junjie Zhao , Xiang Chen , Guang Yang , Yiheng Shen

Smart contracts have significantly advanced blockchain technology, and digital signatures are crucial for reliable verification of contract authority. Through signature verification, smart contracts can ensure that signers possess the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Zexu Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zewei Lin , Wenqing Chen , Kaiwen Ning , Jianxing Yu , Yuming Feng , Yu Zhang , Weizhe Zhang , Zibin Zheng

Due to the inherent immutability of blockchain technology, smart contract updates require their deployment at new addresses rather than modifying existing ones, thus fragmenting version histories and creating critical blind spots for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Fatou Ndiaye Mbodji , Vinny Adjibi , Moustapha Awwalou Diouf , Gervais Mendy , Kui Liu , Jacques Klein , Tegawende Bissyande

Identifying and resolving logic errors can be one of the most frustrating challenges for novices programmers. Unlike syntax errors, for which a compiler or interpreter can issue a message, logic errors can be subtle. In certain conditions,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Stephen MacNeil , Paul Denny , Andrew Tran , Juho Leinonen , Seth Bernstein , Arto Hellas , Sami Sarsa , Joanne Kim