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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves the accuracy and relevance of large language model outputs by incorporating knowledge retrieval. However, implementing RAG in enterprises poses challenges around data security, accuracy,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Tilmann Bruckhaus

Considering the limited internal parametric knowledge, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been widely used to extend the knowledge scope of large language models (LLMs). Despite the extensive efforts on RAG research, in existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

As AI agents increasingly operate in complex environments, ensuring reliable, context-aware privacy is critical for regulatory compliance. Traditional access controls are insufficient because privacy risks often arise after access is…

Users and organizations are generating ever-increasing amounts of private data from a wide range of sources. Incorporating private data is important to personalize open-domain applications such as question-answering, fact-checking, and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Simran Arora , Patrick Lewis , Angela Fan , Jacob Kahn , Christopher Ré

Question-answering for domain-specific applications has recently attracted much interest due to the latest advancements in large language models (LLMs). However, accurately assessing the performance of these applications remains a…

Conversational AI systems have emerged as key enablers of human-like interactions across diverse sectors. Nevertheless, the balance between linguistic nuance and factual accuracy has proven elusive. In this paper, we first introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ahtsham Zafar , Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy , Chan Le Van , Saad Shahid , Aafaq Iqbal khan , Arsalan Shahid

Large language models (LLMs) enhanced with retrieval augmentation has shown great performance in many applications. However, the computational demands for these models pose a challenge when applying them to real-time tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Menglin Xia , Xuchao Zhang , Camille Couturier , Guoqing Zheng , Saravan Rajmohan , Victor Ruhle

By virtue of being prevalently written in natural language (NL), requirements are prone to various defects, e.g., inconsistency and incompleteness. As such, requirements are frequently subject to quality assurance processes. These…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Saad Ezzini , Sallam Abualhaija , Chetan Arora , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly deployed in enterprise search and document-centric assistants, where responses must be grounded in long and complex source materials. In practice, verifying that generated answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xunzhuo Liu , Bowei He , Xue Liu , Haichen Zhang , Huamin Chen

Interacting with a speech interface to query a Question Answering (QA) system is becoming increasingly popular. Typically, QA systems rely on passage retrieval to select candidate contexts and reading comprehension to extract the final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Georgios Sidiropoulos , Svitlana Vakulenko , Evangelos Kanoulas

Organizations increasingly rely on proprietary enterprise data, including HR records, structured reports, and tabular documents, for critical decision-making. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong generative capabilities, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Chandana Cheerla

We present HADA (Human-AI Agent Decision Alignment), a protocol- and framework agnostic reference architecture that keeps both large language model (LLM) agents and legacy algorithms aligned with organizational targets and values. HADA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Tapio Pitkäranta , Leena Pitkäranta

The widespread adoption of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in real-world applications has heightened concerns about the confidentiality and integrity of their proprietary knowledge bases. These knowledge bases, which play a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Zhongliang Yang

In the age of cloud computing, data privacy protection has become a major challenge, especially when sharing sensitive data across cloud environments. However, how to optimize collaboration across cloud environments remains an unresolved…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Huaiying Luo , Cheng Ji

Traditional information retrieval (such as that offered by web search engines) impedes users with information overload from extensive result pages and the need to manually locate the desired information therein. Conversely,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Bernhard Kratzwald , Stefan Feuerriegel

Privacy policies play a vital role in safeguarding user privacy as legal jurisdictions worldwide emphasize the need for transparent data processing. While the suitability of privacy policies to enhance transparency has been critically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Zahra Kolagar , Anna Katharina Leschanowsky , Birgit Popp

This paper addresses the limitations of traditional keyword-based search in understanding user intent and introduces a novel hybrid search approach that leverages the strengths of non-semantic search engines, Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Aman Ahluwalia , Bishwajit Sutradhar , Karishma Ghosh , Indrapal Yadav , Arpan Sheetal , Prashant Patil

Building automatic technical support system is an important yet challenge task. Conceptually, to answer a user question on a technical forum, a human expert has to first retrieve relevant documents, and then read them carefully to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Wenhao Yu , Lingfei Wu , Yu Deng , Qingkai Zeng , Ruchi Mahindru , Sinem Guven , Meng Jiang

Investigative journalists routinely confront large document collections. Large language models (LLMs) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) capabilities promise to accelerate the process of document discovery, but newsroom adoption…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Nick Hagar , Nicholas Diakopoulos , Jeremy Gilbert

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently demonstrated the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the knowledge-intensive tasks such as Question-Answering (QA). RAG expands the query context by incorporating external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zijian Hei , Weiling Liu , Wenjie Ou , Juyi Qiao , Junming Jiao , Guowen Song , Ting Tian , Yi Lin