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Deep learning models have shown high accuracy in classifying electrocardiograms (ECGs), but their black box nature hinders clinical adoption due to a lack of trust and interpretability. To address this, we propose a novel three-stage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jose Geraldo Fernandes , Luiz Facury de Souza , Pedro Robles Dutenhefner , Gisele L. Pappa , Wagner Meira

Interpreting electrocardiograms (ECGs) and generating comprehensive reports remain challenging tasks in cardiology, often requiring specialized expertise and significant time investment. To address these critical issues, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Jialu Tang , Tong Xia , Yuan Lu , Cecilia Mascolo , Aaqib Saeed

Sudden cardiac death and arrhythmia account for a large percentage of all deaths worldwide. Electrocardiography (ECG) is the most widely used screening tool for cardiovascular diseases. Traditionally, ECG signals are classified manually,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-16 Li Xiaolin , Fang Xiang , Rajesh C. Panicker , Barry Cardiff , Deepu John

Survival analysis is a cornerstone of clinical research by modeling time-to-event outcomes such as metastasis, disease relapse, or patient death. Unlike standard tabular data, survival data often come with incomplete event information due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Marie Brockschmidt , Maresa Schröder , Stefan Feuerriegel

Objective: Decoding visual information from electroencephalography (EEG) is an important problem in neuroscience and brain-computer interface (BCI) research. Existing methods are largely restricted to natural images and categorical…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yongxiang Lian , Yueyang Cang , Pingge Hu , Yuchen He , Li Shi

Recent electroencephalography (EEG) spatial super-resolution (SR) methods, while showing improved quality by either directly predicting missing signals from visible channels or adapting latent diffusion-based generative modeling to temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Laura Yao , Gengwei Zhang , Moajjem Chowdhury , Yunmei Liu , Tianlong Chen

For real-world BCI applications, lightweight Electroencephalography (EEG) systems offer the best cost-deployment balance. However, such spatial sparsity of EEG limits spatial fidelity, hurting learning and introducing bias. EEG spatial…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hongjun Liu , Leyu Zhou , Zijianghao Yang , Chao Yao

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a time-series signal that is represented by one-dimensional (1-D) data. Higher dimensional representation contains more information that is accessible for feature extraction. Hidden variables such as frequency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-12 K. S. Rajput , S. Wibowo , C. Hao , M. Majmudar

We propose a method for generating an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal for one cardiac cycle using a variational autoencoder. Using this method we extracted a vector of new 25 features, which in many cases can be interpreted. The generated…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-04 V. V. Kuznetsov , V. A. Moskalenko , N. Yu. Zolotykh

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a cost-effective, highly accessible and widely employed diagnostic tool. With the advent of Foundation Models (FMs), the field of AI-assisted ECG interpretation has begun to evolve, as they enable model reuse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Francesca Filice , Edoardo De Rose , Simone Bartucci , Francesco Calimeri , Simona Perri

Electrocardiography (ECG) is the clinical standard for cardiac assessment but requires dedicated hardware that does not scale to daily-life monitoring. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is ubiquitous in wearables but lacks ECG-specific diagnostic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Xiaoda Wang , Minxiao Wang , Kaiqiao Han , Defu Cao , Ching Chang , Yidan Shi , Runze Yan , Xiao Luo , Yan Liu , Xiao Hu , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang , Carl Yang

Nowadays, an increasing number of people are being diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death globally. The gold standard for identifying these heart problems is via electrocardiogram (ECG). The standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Khiem H. Le , Hieu H. Pham , Thao B. T. Nguyen , Tu A. Nguyen , Cuong D. Do

Image synthesis is expected to provide value for the translation of machine learning methods into clinical practice. Fundamental problems like model robustness, domain transfer, causal modelling, and operator training become approachable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Hadrien Reynaud , Mengyun Qiao , Mischa Dombrowski , Thomas Day , Reza Razavi , Alberto Gomez , Paul Leeson , Bernhard Kainz

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are widely used non-invasive measurements of cardiac activity and play a central role in clinical diagnosis. Recent multimodal approaches align ECG signals with clinical reports to incorporate diagnostic semantics,…

A language is made up of an infinite/finite number of sentences, which in turn is composed of a number of words. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most popular noninvasive medical tool for studying heart function and diagnosing various…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-17 Prapti Ganguly , Wazib Ansar , Amlan Chakrabarti

Electrocardiogram (ECG) delineation, the segmentation of meaningful waveform features, is critical for clinical diagnosis. Despite recent advances using deep learning, progress has been limited by the scarcity of publicly available…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Minje Park , Jeonghwa Lim , Taehyung Yu , Sunghoon Joo

Automated interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECG) has garnered significant attention with the advancements in machine learning methodologies. Despite the growing interest, most current studies focus solely on classification or regression…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Jielin Qiu , Jiacheng Zhu , Shiqi Liu , William Han , Jingqi Zhang , Chaojing Duan , Michael Rosenberg , Emerson Liu , Douglas Weber , Ding Zhao

An electrocardiogram (ECG) captures the heart's electrical signal to assess various heart conditions. In practice, ECG data is stored as either digitized signals or printed images. Despite the emergence of numerous deep learning models for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Ju-Hyeon Nam , Seo-Hyung Park , Su Jung Kim , Sang-Chul Lee

The electrocardiogram (ECG) remains a fundamental tool in cardiac diagnostics, yet its interpretation traditionally reliant on the expertise of cardiologists. The emergence of deep learning has heralded a revolutionary era in medical data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Cheng Ding , Tianliang Yao , Chenwei Wu , Jianyuan Ni

An important paradigm in smart health is developing diagnosis tools and monitoring a patient's heart activity through processing Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is a key example, sue to high mortality rate of heart-related disease. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-02 Jiaming Chen , Ali Valehi , Abolfazl Razi