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Multi-agent systems are characterized by environmental uncertainty, varying policies of agents, and partial observability, which result in significant risks. In the context of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), learning coordinated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Siqi Shen , Chennan Ma , Chao Li , Weiquan Liu , Yongquan Fu , Songzhu Mei , Xinwang Liu , Cheng Wang

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) commonly adopts centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE), where centralized critics leverage global information to guide decentralized actors. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yan Wang , Ke Deng , Yongli Ren

There is a growing interest in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) as the first steps towards building general intelligent agents that learn to make low and high-level decisions in non-stationary complex environments in the presence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Marco Jerome Gasparrini , Ricard Solé , Martí Sánchez-Fibla

In this paper, we propose a novel model-based multi-agent reinforcement learning approach named Value Decomposition Framework with Disentangled World Model to address the challenge of achieving a common goal of multiple agents interacting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhizun Wang , David Meger

Many recent successful off-policy multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms for cooperative partially observable environments focus on finding factorized value functions, leading to convoluted network structures. Building on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Raphaël Avalos , Mathieu Reymond , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

We propose using regularization for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning rather than learning explicit cooperative structures called {\em Multi-Agent Regularized Q-learning} (MARQ). Many MARL approaches leverage centralized structures in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Chapman Siu , Jason Traish , Richard Yi Da Xu

Analysing learning in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) environments is challenging, in particular with respect to \textit{individual} decision-making. Practitioners frequently struggle to compare training runs due to the inherent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 James Rudd-Jones , María Pérez-Ortiz , Mirco Musolesi

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has witnessed a remarkable surge in interest, fueled by the empirical success achieved in applications of single-agent reinforcement learning (RL). In this study, we consider a distributed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving complex problems through agents' cooperation and competition, finding widespread applications across domains. Despite its success, MARL faces a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-21 Baraah A. M. Sidahmed , Tatjana Chavdarova

Designing reinforcement learning (RL) agents is typically a difficult process that requires numerous design iterations. Learning can fail for a multitude of reasons, and standard RL methods provide too few tools to provide insight into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 James MacGlashan , Evan Archer , Alisa Devlic , Takuma Seno , Craig Sherstan , Peter R. Wurman , Peter Stone

This paper proposes a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) method to learn multiple coordinated agents under directed acyclic graph (DAG) constraints. Unlike existing MARL approaches, our method explicitly exploits the DAG…

We discuss the problem of decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in this work. In our setting, the global state, action, and reward are assumed to be fully observable, while the local policy is protected as privacy by each…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Kuo Li , Qing-Shan Jia

Value decomposition has long been a fundamental technique in multi-agent dynamic programming and reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, the value function of a global state $(s_1,s_2,\ldots,s_N)$ is often approximated as the sum of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shuze Chen , Tianyi Peng

We study the problem of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning with a single joint reward signal. This class of learning problems is difficult because of the often large combined action and observation spaces. In the fully…

A central problem in the theory of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is to understand what structural conditions and algorithmic principles lead to sample-efficient learning guarantees, and how these considerations change as we move…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Dylan J. Foster , Dean P. Foster , Noah Golowich , Alexander Rakhlin

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to learn the optimal joint policy from pre-collected datasets, requiring a trade-off between maximizing global returns and mitigating distribution shift from offline data. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Teng Pang , Zhiqiang Dong , Yan Zhang , Rongjian Xu , Guoqiang Wu , Yilong Yin

In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), combining value decomposition with actor-critic enables agents to learn stochastic policies, which are more suitable for the partially observable environment. Given the goal of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Jiangxing Wang , Deheng Ye , Zongqing Lu

This study investigates how Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) can improve dynamic pricing strategies in supply chains, particularly in contexts where traditional ERP systems rely on static, rule-based approaches that overlook…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Thomas Hazenberg , Yao Ma , Seyed Sahand Mohammadi Ziabari , Marijn van Rijswijk

We investigate a general matrix factorization for deviance-based data losses, extending the ubiquitous singular value decomposition beyond squared error loss. While similar approaches have been explored before, our method leverages…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-04 Liang Wang , Luis Carvalho

This paper explores advanced topics in complex multi-agent systems building upon our previous work. We examine four fundamental challenges in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL): non-stationarity, partial observability, scalability…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Neil De La Fuente , Miquel Noguer i Alonso , Guim Casadellà