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We investigate the problem of distributed training under partial observability, whereby cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning agents (MARL) maximize the expected cumulative joint reward. We propose distributed value decomposition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Guilherme S. Varela , Alberto Sardinha , Francisco S. Melo

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has gained significant interest in recent years, enabling sequential decision-making across multiple agents in various domains. However, most existing explanation methods focus on centralized MARL,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Kayla Boggess , Sarit Kraus , Lu Feng

Multi-agent credit assignment is a fundamental challenge for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where a team of agents learn from shared reward signals. The Individual-Global-Max (IGM) condition is a widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Wen-Tse Chen , Yuxuan Li , Shiyu Huang , Jiayu Chen , Jeff Schneider

Despite remarkable achievements in single-agent offline reinforcement learning (RL), multi-agent RL (MARL) has struggled to adopt this paradigm, largely persisting with on-policy training and self-play from scratch. One reason for this gap…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Dongsu Lee , Daehee Lee , Amy Zhang

Value-based methods of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), especially the value decomposition methods, have been demonstrated on a range of challenging cooperative tasks. However, current methods pay little attention to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Xiaoteng Ma , Yiqin Yang , Chenghao Li , Yiwen Lu , Qianchuan Zhao , Yang Jun

We consider the networked multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problem in a fully decentralized setting, where agents learn to coordinate to achieve the joint success. This problem is widely encountered in many areas including traffic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Chao Qu , Shie Mannor , Huan Xu , Yuan Qi , Le Song , Junwu Xiong

This work introduces a novel value decomposition algorithm, termed \textit{Dynamic Deep Factor Graphs} (DDFG). Unlike traditional coordination graphs, DDFG leverages factor graphs to articulate the decomposition of value functions, offering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yuchen Shi , Shihong Duan , Cheng Xu , Ran Wang , Fangwen Ye , Chau Yuen

We explore value-based solutions for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) tasks in the centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) regime popularized recently. However, VDN and QMIX are representative examples that use the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Kyunghwan Son , Daewoo Kim , Wan Ju Kang , David Earl Hostallero , Yung Yi

In the field of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), the standard paradigm is the use of centralised training and decentralised execution where a central critic conditions the policies of the cooperative agents based on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Siddarth Singh , Benjamin Rosman

Recent advances in recommender systems have shown that user-system interaction essentially formulates long-term optimization problems, and online reinforcement learning can be adopted to improve recommendation performance. The general…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xiaobei Wang , Shuchang Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Xiang Li , Lantao Hu , Han li , Guangming Xie

Recently, deep multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) has become a highly active research area as many real-world problems can be inherently viewed as multiagent systems. A particularly interesting and widely applicable class of problems…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Yaodong Yang , Jianye Hao , Guangyong Chen , Hongyao Tang , Yingfeng Chen , Yujing Hu , Changjie Fan , Zhongyu Wei

In the real world, people/entities usually find matches independently and autonomously, such as finding jobs, partners, roommates, etc. It is possible that this search for matches starts with no initial knowledge of the environment. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Kshitija Taywade , Judy Goldsmith , Brent Harrison

This paper presents a novel approach to Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) that combines cooperative task decomposition with the learning of reward machines (RMs) encoding the structure of the sub-tasks. The proposed method helps…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Leo Ardon , Daniel Furelos-Blanco , Alessandra Russo

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a promising framework for solving complex tasks with many agents. However, a key challenge in MARL is defining private utility functions that ensure coordination when training decentralized…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Seung Hyun Kim , Neale Van Stralen , Girish Chowdhary , Huy T. Tran

Learning in stochastic games is arguably the most standard and fundamental setting in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). In this paper, we consider decentralized MARL in stochastic games in the non-asymptotic regime. In particular,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Zuguang Gao , Qianqian Ma , Tamer Başar , John R. Birge

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms often suffer from an exponential sample complexity dependence on the number of agents, a phenomenon known as \emph{the curse of multiagents}. In this paper, we address this challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weichao Mao , Lin F. Yang , Kaiqing Zhang , Tamer Başar

Value decomposition (VD) methods have achieved remarkable success in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). However, their reliance on the max operator for temporal-difference (TD) target calculation leads to systematic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yuanjun Li , Bin Zhang , Hao Chen , Zhouyang Jiang , Dapeng Li , Zhiwei Xu

In many real-world settings, a team of agents must coordinate its behaviour while acting in a decentralised fashion. At the same time, it is often possible to train the agents in a centralised fashion where global state information is…

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), it is challenging for a collection of agents to learn complex temporally extended tasks. The difficulties lie in computational complexity and how to learn the high-level ideas behind reward…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Jueming Hu , Zhe Xu , Weichang Wang , Guannan Qu , Yutian Pang , Yongming Liu

In Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) and under the setting of Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE), agents observe and interact with their environment locally and independently. With local observation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Jian Hu , Seth Austin Harding , Haibin Wu , Siyue Hu , Shih-wei Liao