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Related papers: Readability Measures and Automatic Text Simplifica…

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Text simplification (TS) refers to the process of reducing the complexity of a text while retaining its original meaning and key information. Existing work only shows that large language models (LLMs) have outperformed supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Jipeng Qiang , Minjiang Huang , Yi Zhu , Yunhao Yuan , Chaowei Zhang , Kui Yu

Easy Read text is one of the main forms of access to information for people with reading difficulties. One of the key characteristics of this type of text is the requirement to split sentences into smaller grammatical segments, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Jesús Calleja , Thierry Etchegoyhen , David Ponce

We provide a literature review about Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) systems. We consider a citation-based approach. We start with some popular and well-known papers that we have in hand about each topic we want to cover and we have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Daniel O. Cajueiro , Arthur G. Nery , Igor Tavares , Maísa K. De Melo , Silvia A. dos Reis , Li Weigang , Victor R. R. Celestino

Automated metrics for Machine Translation have made significant progress, with the goal of replacing expensive and time-consuming human evaluations. These metrics are typically assessed by their correlation with human judgments, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Pius von Däniken , Jan Deriu , Mark Cieliebak

The evaluation of text simplification (TS) systems remains an open challenge. As the task has common points with machine translation (MT), TS is often evaluated using MT metrics such as BLEU. However, such metrics require high quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Louis Martin , Samuel Humeau , Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré , Antoine Bordes , Éric Villemonte de La Clergerie , Benoît Sagot

Punctuation and Segmentation are key to readability in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), often evaluated using F1 scores that require high-quality human transcripts and do not reflect readability well. Human evaluation is expensive,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Piyush Behre , Sharman Tan , Amy Shah , Harini Kesavamoorthy , Shuangyu Chang , Fei Zuo , Chris Basoglu , Sayan Pathak

Text simplification is a common task where the text is adapted to make it easier to understand. Similarly, text elaboration can make a passage more sophisticated, offering a method to control the complexity of reading comprehension tests.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Asma Farajidizaji , Vatsal Raina , Mark Gales

Readability is on the cusp of a revolution. Fixed text is becoming fluid as a proliferation of digital reading devices rewrite what a document can do. As past constraints make way for more flexible opportunities, there is great need to…

Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have become ubiquitous. Although they offer a wide range of benefits, their adoption in decision-critical fields is limited by their lack of interpretability, particularly with textual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Diego Antognini

Training learnable metrics using modern language models has recently emerged as a promising method for the automatic evaluation of machine translation. However, existing human evaluation datasets for text simplification have limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Mounica Maddela , Yao Dou , David Heineman , Wei Xu

State-of-the-art text simplification (TS) systems adopt end-to-end neural network models to directly generate the simplified version of the input text, and usually function as a blackbox. Moreover, TS is usually treated as an all-purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Yu Qiao , Xiaofei Li , Daniel Wiechmann , Elma Kerz

Being able to read and understand written text is critical in a digital era. However, studies shows that a large fraction of the population experiences comprehension issues. In this context, further initiatives in accessibility are required…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Paul Tardy , Charlotte Roze , Paul Poupet

Automated decision systems (ADS) have become ubiquitous in many high-stakes domains. Those systems typically involve sophisticated yet opaque artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that seldom allow for full comprehension of their inner…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Jakob Schoeffer , Yvette Machowski , Niklas Kuehl

Recent studies suggest that very small language models (SLMs) can generate surprisingly coherent text when trained on simplified, child-directed corpora such as TinyStories. These findings have been interpreted as evidence that readability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ivan Lee , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

In order to simplify a sentence, human editors perform multiple rewriting transformations: they split it into several shorter sentences, paraphrase words (i.e. replacing complex words or phrases by simpler synonyms), reorder components,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Fernando Alva-Manchego , Louis Martin , Antoine Bordes , Carolina Scarton , Benoît Sagot , Lucia Specia

Recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) technology have enabled systems to generate speech that is often indistinguishable from human speech, bringing benefits to accessibility, content creation, and human-computer interaction. However,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Yifan Yang , Hui Wang , Bing Han , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li , Yong Qin , Xie Chen

Evaluating the readability of a text can significantly facilitate the precise expression of information in written form. The formulation of text readability assessment involves the identification of meaningful properties of the text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Hamid Mohammadi , Seyed Hossein Khasteh , Tahereh Firoozi , Taha Samavati

The substantial growth of textual content in diverse domains and platforms has led to a considerable need for Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) techniques that aid in the process of text analysis. The effectiveness of text summarization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Nevidu Jayatilleke , Ruvan Weerasinghe , Nipuna Senanayake

We propose a new method for evaluating the readability of simplified sentences through pair-wise ranking. The validity of the method is established through in-corpus and cross-corpus evaluation experiments. The approach correctly identifies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Sowmya Vajjala , Detmar Meurers

Automated decision systems (ADS) are increasingly used for consequential decision-making. These systems often rely on sophisticated yet opaque machine learning models, which do not allow for understanding how a given decision was arrived…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Jakob Schoeffer , Niklas Kuehl , Yvette Machowski