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Security is a requirement of utmost importance to produce high-quality software. However, there is still a considerable amount of vulnerabilities being discovered and fixed almost weekly. We hypothesize that developers affect the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Sofia Reis , Rui Abreu , Luis Cruz

Quantum computing is a rapidly growing field attracting the interest of both researchers and software developers. Supported by its numerous open-source tools, developers can now build, test, or run their quantum algorithms. Although the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Moses Openja , Mohammad Mehdi Morovati , Le An , Foutse Khomh , Mouna Abidi

Technical Debt (TD) refers to the situation where developers make trade-offs to achieve short-term goals at the expense of long-term code quality, which can have a negative impact on the quality of software systems. In the context of code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Liming Fu , Peng Liang , Zeeshan Rasheed , Zengyang Li , Amjed Tahir , Xiaofeng Han

AI coding assistants are now widely used in software development. Software developers increasingly integrate AI-generated code into their codebases to improve productivity. Prior studies have shown that AI-generated code may contain code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yue Liu , Ratnadira Widyasari , Yanjie Zhao , Ivana Clairine Irsan , Junkai Chen , David Lo

Software and systems traceability is essential for downstream tasks such as data-driven software analysis and intelligent tool development. However, despite the increasing attention to mining and understanding technical debt in software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Mohammad Sadegh Sheikhaei , Yuan Tian

Technical debt refers to the consequences of sub-optimal decisions made during software development that prioritize short-term benefits over long-term maintainability. Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is a specific form of technical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou , Jie Tan , Jiakun Liu

Technical debt (TD) refers to delayed tasks and immature artifacts that may bring short-term benefits but incur extra costs of change during maintenance and evolution in the long term. TD has been extensively studied in the past decade, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zengyang Li , Yilin Peng , Peng Liang , Apostolos Ampatzoglou , Ran Mo , Hui Liu , Xiaoxiao Qi

Technical Debt is a metaphor used to describe the situation in which long-term software artifact quality is traded for short-term goals in software projects. In recent years, the concept of self-admitted technical debt (SATD) was proposed,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Tao Xiao , Dong Wang , Shane McIntosh , Hideaki Hata , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Takashi Ishio , Kenichi Matsumoto

Security vulnerability in third-party dependencies is a growing concern not only for developers of the affected software, but for the risks it poses to an entire software ecosystem, e.g., Heartbleed vulnerability. Recent studies show that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Bodin Chinthanet , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Shane McIntosh , Takashi Ishio , Akinori Ihara , Kenichi Matsumoto

Dockerfiles enable the creation of portable container-based execution environments for the application code, and have become an important part of the modern software development process. As Dockerfiles are a form of Infrastructure-as-Code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Wei Minn , Yan Naing Tun , Biniam Fesseha Demissie , Rui'ang Hu , Jiakun Liu , Mariano Ceccato , Lwin Khin Shar , David Lo

Technical debt denotes shortcuts taken during software development, mostly for the sake of expedience. When such shortcuts are admitted explicitly by developers (e.g., writing a TODO/Fixme comment), they are termed as Self-Admitted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou , Lou Somers

Quantum computing is rapidly advancing, but quantum software development faces significant challenges, including a steep learning curve, high hardware error rates, and a lack of mature engineering practices. This study conducts a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Krishna Upadhyay , Vinaik Chhetri , A. B. Siddique , Umar Farooq

Context: Open-source ecosystems rely on sustained package maintenance. When maintenance slows or stops, Technical Lag (TL), the gap between installed and latest dependency versions accumulates, creating security and sustainability risks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Shane K. Panter , Nasir U. Eisty

Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) is a particular case of Technical Debt (TD) where developers explicitly acknowledge their sub-optimal implementation decisions. Previous studies mine SATD by searching for specific TD-related terms in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Laerte Xavier , Fabio Ferreira , Rodrigo Brito , Marco Tulio Valente

In modern software engineering, build systems play the crucial role of facilitating the conversion of source code into software artifacts. Recent research has explored high-level causes of build failures, but has largely overlooked the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Anwar Ghammam , Dhia Elhaq Rzig , Mohamed Almukhtar , Rania Khalsi , Foyzul Hassan , Marouane Kessentini

During the life cycle of software development, developers have to fix different kinds of bugs reported by testers or end users. The efficiency and effectiveness of fixing bugs have a huge impact on the reliability of the software as well as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-11-12 Jaechang Nam , Ning Chen

Software packages developed and distributed through package managers extensively depend on other packages. These dependencies are regularly updated, for example to add new features, resolve bugs or fix security issues. In order to take full…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Alexandre Decan , Tom Mens , Eleni Constantinou

Technical debt describes situations where developers write less-than-optimal code to meet project milestones. However, this debt accumulation often results in future developer effort to live with or fix these quality issues. To better…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Gregory Wilder , Riley Miyamoto , Samuel Watson , Rick Kazman , Anthony Peruma

Technical debt is a metaphor indicating sub-optimal solutions implemented for short-term benefits by sacrificing the long-term maintainability and evolvability of software. A special type of technical debt is explicitly admitted by software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou

Research software (also called scientific software) is essential for advancing scientific endeavours. Research software encapsulates complex algorithms and domain-specific knowledge and is a fundamental component of all science. A pervasive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Neil A. Ernst , Ahmed Musa Awon , Swapnil Hingmire , Ze Shi Li