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Recent studies have shown that combining parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) with mixture-of-experts (MoE) is an effective strategy for adapting large language models (LLMs) to the downstream tasks. However, most existing approaches rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuan Zhuang , Yi Shen , Yuexin Bian , Qing Su , Shihao Ji , Yuanyuan Shi , Fei Miao

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale Transformers efficiently but suffer from expert overlap -- redundant representations across experts and routing ambiguity, resulting in severely underutilized model capacity. While architectural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Rizhen Hu , Yuan Cao , Boao Kong , Mou Sun , Kun Yuan

Standard Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models rely on centralized routing mechanisms that introduce rigid inductive biases. We propose Routing-Free MoE which eliminates any hard-coded centralized designs including external routers, Softmax,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yilun Liu , Jinru Han , Sikuan Yan , Volker Tresp , Yunpu Ma

Mixture of Experts (MoE) pretraining is more scalable than dense Transformer pretraining, because MoEs learn to route inputs to a sparse set of their feedforward parameters. However, this means that MoEs only receive a sparse backward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Ashwinee Panda , Vatsal Baherwani , Zain Sarwar , Benjamin Therien , Sambit Sahu , Tom Goldstein , Supriyo Chakraborty

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures leverage sparse activation to enhance the scalability of large language models (LLMs), making them suitable for deployment in resource-constrained edge networks. However, the sheer number of experts…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Qian Chen , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (SMoE) architectures are increasingly used to scale large language models efficiently, delivering strong accuracy under fixed compute budgets. However, SMoE models often suffer from severe load imbalance across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zijie Liu , Jie Peng , Jinhao Duan , Zirui Liu , Kaixiong Zhou , Mingfu Liang , Luke Simon , Xi Liu , Zhaozhuo Xu , Tianlong Chen

The relentless scaling of deep learning models has led to unsustainable computational demands, positioning Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures as a promising path towards greater efficiency. However, MoE models are plagued by two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Anzhe Cheng , Shukai Duan , Shixuan Li , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Shahin Nazarian , Paul Thompson , Paul Bogdan

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained significant attention in deep learning due to their dynamic resource allocation and superior performance across diverse tasks. However, efficiently training these models remains challenging.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Junfeng Ran , Guangxiang Zhao , Yuhan Wu , Dawei Zhu , Longyun Wu , Yikai Zhao , Tong Yang , Lin Sun , Xiangzheng Zhang , Sujian Li

Larger networks generally have greater representational power at the cost of increased computational complexity. Sparsifying such networks has been an active area of research but has been generally limited to static regularization or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Xin Wang , Fisher Yu , Lisa Dunlap , Yi-An Ma , Ruth Wang , Azalia Mirhoseini , Trevor Darrell , Joseph E. Gonzalez

We consider the fundamental problem of sampling the optimal transport coupling between given source and target distributions. In certain cases, the optimal transport plan takes the form of a one-to-one mapping from the source support to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mara Daniels , Tyler Maunu , Paul Hand

Recently, mixture of experts (MoE) has become a popular paradigm for achieving the trade-off between modal capacity and efficiency of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). Different from previous efforts, we are dedicated to exploring…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Qiong Wu , Zhaoxi Ke , Yiyi Zhou , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

This paper systematically diagnoses the training failure modes of Token-Choice sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) on video Diffusion Transformers. Starting from a pretrained dense model of about 5 billion parameters, we convert it into an MoE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Haiying Sha

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have demonstrated exceptional performance in large-scale language models. Existing routers typically rely on non-differentiable Top-$k$+Softmax, limiting their performance and scalability. We argue that two…

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enable efficient scaling of large language models through conditional computation, yet the routing mechanisms responsible for expert selection remain poorly understood. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Mynampati Sri Ranganadha Avinash

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the key to scaling modern LLMs, yet little is understood about how their sparse routing dynamics respond to multilingual data. In this work, we analyze expert routing patterns using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Lucas Bandarkar , Chenyuan Yang , Mohsen Fayyaz , Junlin Hu , Nanyun Peng

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is becoming popular due to its success in improving the model quality, especially in Transformers. By routing tokens with a sparse gate to a few experts (i.e., a small pieces of the full model), MoE can easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Xiaonan Nie , Xupeng Miao , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Qibin Liu , Jilong Xue , Youshan Miao , Yi Liu , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Employing a monaural speech separation (SS) model as a front-end for automatic speech recognition (ASR) involves balancing two kinds of trade-offs. First, while a larger model improves the SS performance, it also requires a higher…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-01 Xiaofei Wang , Zhuo Chen , Yu Shi , Jian Wu , Naoyuki Kanda , Takuya Yoshioka

In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer a promising approach to managing computational costs while scaling up model parameters. Conventional MoE-based LLMs typically employ static Top-K…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Tongtian Yue , Longteng Guo , Jie Cheng , Xuange Gao , Jing Liu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers increase model capacity by activating only a small subset of experts per token, and typically rely on a learned router to map hidden states to expert assignments. In this work, we ask whether a dedicated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jama Hussein Mohamud , Drew Wagner , Mirco Ravanelli

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a key technique for scaling Large Language Models by activating only a subset of experts per query. Deploying MoE on consumer-grade edge hardware, however, is constrained by limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Guoying Zhu , Meng Li , Haipeng Dai , Xuechen Liu , Weijun Wang , Keran Li , Jun xiao , Ligeng Chen , Wei Wang
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