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Quantum information processors need to be protected against errors and faults. One of the most widely considered fault-tolerant architecture is based on surface codes. While the general principles of these codes are well understood and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-15 Nicolas Delfosse , Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

Recent advancements in neutral atom platforms have enabled exploration of early fault-tolerant (FT) architectures for applications with quantum advantage, such as quantum dynamics simulations. An efficient fault-tolerant architecture has…

Quantum squaring operation is a useful building block in implementing quantum algorithms such as linear regression, regularized least squares algorithm, order-finding algorithm, quantum search algorithm, Newton Raphson division, Euclidean…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-05 Afrin Sultana , Edgard Muñoz-Coreas

High-rate quantum LDPC (qLDPC) codes reduce memory overhead by densely packing many logical qubits into a single block of physical qubits. Here we extend this concept to high-rate computation by constructing \emph{batched} fault-tolerant…

A major goal for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is to reduce the overhead needed for error correction. One approach is to use block codes that encode multiple qubits, which can achieve significantly higher rates for the same code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-16 Todd A. Brun , Yi-Cong Zheng , Kung-Chuan Hsu , Joshua Job , Ching-Yi Lai

We evaluate strategies for reducing the run time of fault-tolerant quantum computations, targeting practical utility in scientific or industrial workflows. Delivering a technology with broad impact requires scaling devices, while also…

A universal fault-tolerant quantum computer that can solve efficiently problems such as integer factorization and unstructured database search requires millions of qubits with low error rates and long coherence times. While the experimental…

Understanding the physics of strongly correlated materials is one of the grand challenge problems for physics today. A large class of scientifically interesting materials, from high-$T_c$ superconductors to spin liquids, involve medium to…

Many current quantum error-correcting codes that achieve full fault tolerance suffer from having low ratios of logical to physical qubits and significant overhead. This makes them difficult to implement on current noisy intermediate-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Christopher Gerhard , Todd A. Brun

It is widely recognized that quantum computing has profound impacts on multiple fields, including but not limited to cryptography, machine learning, materials science, etc. To run quantum algorithms, it is essential to develop scalable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Linghang Kong , Fang Zhang , Jianxin Chen

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is essential for future quantum computers due to its ability to exponentially suppress physical errors. The surface code is a leading error-correcting code candidate because of its local topological structure,…

Quantum computing promises disruptive capabilities, yet its energy footprint has received far less attention than its asymptotic speedups. We present a first-order, full-system energy model for quantum computing in an high performance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Siyuan Niu , Di Wu , Ozgur Ozan Kilic , Kwangmin Yu

The cost of enabling connectivity in Noisy-Intermediate-Scale-Quantum devices is an important factor in determining computational power. We have created a qubit routing algorithm which enables efficient global connectivity in a previously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-20 Mark Webber , Steven Herbert , Sebastian Weidt , Winfried K. Hensinger

Quantum error correction allows inherently noisy quantum devices to emulate an ideal quantum computer with reasonable resource overhead. As a crucial component, decoding architectures have received significant attention recently. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Kai Zhang , Jubo Xu , Fang Zhang , Linghang Kong , Zhengfeng Ji , Jianxin Chen

The fragile nature of quantum information limits our ability to construct large quantities of quantum bits suitable for quantum computing. An important goal, therefore, is to minimize the amount of resources required to implement quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-11 Adam Paetznick , Austin G. Fowler

As the number of qubits available on noisy quantum computers grows, it will become necessary to efficiently select a subset of physical qubits to use in a quantum computation. For any given quantum program and device there are many ways to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-10 Evan Peters , Prasanth Shyamsundar , Andy C. Y. Li , Gabriel Perdue

Linear optical quantum computing (LOQC) seems attractively simple: information is borne entirely by light and processed by components such as beam splitters, phase shifters and detectors. However this very simplicity leads to limitations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-21 Ying Li , Peter C. Humphreys , Gabriel J. Mendoza , Simon C. Benjamin

Quantum error correction is crucial for any quantum computing platform to achieve truly scalable quantum computation. The surface code and its variants have been considered the most promising quantum error correction scheme due to their…

Quantum code surgery is a promising technique to perform fault-tolerant computation on quantum low-density parity-check codes. Recent developments have significantly reduced the space overhead of surgery. However, generic surgery operations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Alexander Cowtan , Zhiyang He , Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

The rapid progress of physical implementation of quantum computers paved the way for the design of tools to help users write quantum programs for any given quantum device. The physical constraints inherent in current NISQ architectures…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Chi Zhang , Yanhao Chen , Yuwei Jin , Wonsun Ahn , Youtao Zhang , Eddy Z. Zhang