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We introduce a construction for protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computing based on code concatenation and transversal gates. These protocols can be interpreted as families of quantum circuits of low-weight stabilizer measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Daniel Litinski

Distributed architectures are a route to scalable quantum computing, but the performance of fault-tolerant operations across noisy inter-module links remains poorly characterized. We present circuit-level simulations of two key distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 John Stack , Ming Wang , Frank Mueller

Designing efficient quantum circuits is a central bottleneck to exploring the potential of quantum computing, particularly for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, where circuit efficiency and resilience to errors are paramount.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Jun Dai , Michael Rizvi-Martel , Guillaume Rabusseau

Despite significant progress in quantum computing in recent years, executing quantum circuits for practical problems remains challenging due to error-prone quantum hardware. Hence, quantum error correction becomes essential but induces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Tobias Forster , Nils Quetschlich , Mathias Soeken , Robert Wille

Quantum computation must be performed in a fault-tolerant manner to be realizable in practice. Recent progress has uncovered quantum error-correcting codes with sparse connectivity requirements and constant qubit overhead. Existing schemes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

Designing quantum error correcting codes that promise a high error threshold, low resource overhead and efficient decoding algorithms is crucial to achieve large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. The concatenated quantum Hamming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Menglong Fang , Daiqin Su

Qubit shuttling promises to advance some quantum computing platforms to the qubit register sizes needed for effective quantum error correction (QEC), but also introduces additional errors whose impact must be evaluated. The established…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Berat Yenilen , Arnau Sala , Hendrik Bluhm , Markus Müller , Manuel Rispler

We present a comprehensive and self-contained simplified review of the quantum computing scheme of Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 190504 (2007), which features a 2-D nearest neighbor coupled lattice of qubits, a threshold error rate approaching 1%,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Austin G. Fowler , Ashley M. Stephens , Peter Groszkowski

We present a planar surface-code-based scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation which eliminates the time overhead of single-qubit Clifford gates, and implements long-range multi-target CNOT gates with a time overhead that scales only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-07 Daniel Litinski , Felix von Oppen

Quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes are among the leading candidates to realize error-corrected quantum memories with low qubit overhead. Potentially high encoding rates and large distance relative to their block size make them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Josias Old , Juval Bechar , Markus Müller , Sascha Heußen

Fault-tolerant quantum computing based on surface codes has emerged as a popular route to large-scale quantum computers capable of accurate computation even in the presence of noise. Its popularity is, in part, because the fault-tolerance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-04 Jing Hao Chai , Hui Khoon Ng

Quantum error correction codes (QECCs) are critical for realizing reliable quantum computing by protecting fragile quantum states against noise and errors. However, limited research has analyzed the noise resilience of QECCs to help select…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Avimita Chatterjee , Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) can eliminate the negative effects of quantum noise, the major obstacle to the execution of quantum algorithms. However, realizing practical quantum error correction (QEC) requires resolving many…

Fault tolerant quantum computing methods which work with efficient quantum error correcting codes are discussed. Several new techniques are introduced to restrict accumulation of errors before or during the recovery. Classes of eligible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Andrew M. Steane

Weight quantization effectively reduces memory consumption and enable the deployment of Large Language Models on edge devices, yet existing hardware-friendly methods often rely on uniform quantization, which suffers from poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xin Nie , Liang Dong , Haicheng Zhang , Jiawang Xiao , G. Sun

The Schwinger model (quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions) is a testbed for the study of quantum gauge field theories. We give scalable, explicit digital quantum algorithms to simulate the lattice Schwinger model in both NISQ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Alexander F. Shaw , Pavel Lougovski , Jesse R. Stryker , Nathan Wiebe

Fault-tolerant logical entangling gates are essential for scalable quantum computing, but are limited by the error rates and overheads of physical two-qubit gates and measurements. To address this limitation, we introduce phantom…

Hamiltonian simulation is one of the most promising candidates for the demonstration of quantum advantage within the next ten years, and several studies have proposed end-to-end resource estimates for executing such algorithms on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Tyler LeBlond , Ryan S. Bennink

Despite quantum computing's rapid development, current systems remain limited in practical applications due to their limited qubit count and quality. Various technologies, such as superconducting, trapped ions, and neutral atom quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Shuwen Kan , Zefan Du , Miguel Palma , Samuel A Stein , Chenxu Liu , Wenqi Wei , Juntao Chen , Ang Li , Ying Mao

Progress in quantum hardware design is progressing toward machines of sufficient size to begin realizing quantum algorithms in disciplines such as encryption and physics. Quantum circuits for addition are crucial to realize many quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-10 Himanshu Thapliyal , Edgard Muñoz-Coreas , Vladislav Khalus
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