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General-purpose agents perform tasks in unfamiliar environments without domain-specific manual customization. Yet no study has systematically measured how agent architecture shapes performance across heterogeneous protocols and diverse…

Reliable clinical decision support requires medical AI agents capable of safe, multi-step reasoning over structured electronic health records (EHRs). While large language models (LLMs) show promise in healthcare, existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Ananya Mantravadi , Shivali Dalmia , Abhishek Mukherji

Integration of artificial intelligent (AI) agents in higher education is transforming teaching, learning and administrative processes. Although existing AI agents effectively support individual tasks, their implementation remains fragmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Vidya K Sudarshan , Anushka Sisodia , Reshma A Ramachandra , Sia Batra , Josephine Chong Leng Leng

Agentic artificial intelligence (AI) is an AI paradigm that can perceive the environment, reason over observations, and execute actions to achieve specific goals. Task-oriented communication supports agentic AI by transmitting only the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Sin-Yu Huang , Lele Wang , Vincent W. S. Wong

Agentic AI systems increasingly act through tool-augmented, multi-step workflows whose failures (unsafe tool use, unauthorised actions, social harm) carry deployment-level consequences. Evaluation practice remains fragmented across isolated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jinhu Qi , Yifan Li , Minghao Zhao , Wentao Zhang , Zijian Zhang , Yaoman Li , Irwin King

Recent advances in autonomous LLM agents demonstrate their ability to improve performance through iterative interaction with the environment. We define this paradigm as Test-Time Improvement (TTI). However, the mechanisms under how and why…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hang Yan , Xinyu Che , Fangzhi Xu , Qiushi Sun , Zichen Ding , Kanzhi Cheng , Jian Zhang , Tao Qin , Jun Liu , Qika Lin

Background: Globally we face a projected shortage of 11 million healthcare practitioners by 2030, and administrative burden consumes 50% of clinical time. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to help alleviate these problems.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Hashim Hayat , Maksim Kudrautsau , Evgeniy Makarov , Vlad Melnichenko , Tim Tsykunou , Piotr Varaksin , Matt Pavelle , Adam Z. Oskowitz

Autonomous agents have rapidly matured as task executors and seen widespread deployment via harnesses such as OpenClaw. Safety concerns have rightly drawn growing research attention, and beneath them lie the values silently steering agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haonan Dong , Qiguan Feng , Kehan Jiang , Haoran Ye , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

AI research agents accelerate ML research by automating hypothesis generation, experimentation, and empirical refinement. Existing agent strategies range from greedy hill-climbing to tree search and evolutionary optimization, yet which…

Recent advances in large language models have sparked growing interest in AI agents capable of solving complex, real-world tasks. However, most existing agent systems rely on manually crafted configurations that remain static after…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinyuan Fang , Yanwen Peng , Xi Zhang , Yingxu Wang , Xinhao Yi , Guibin Zhang , Yi Xu , Bin Wu , Siwei Liu , Zihao Li , Zhaochun Ren , Nikos Aletras , Xi Wang , Han Zhou , Zaiqiao Meng

AI agents are increasingly deployed in multi-tenant cloud environments, where they execute diverse tool calls within sandboxed containers, each call with distinct resource demands and rapid fluctuations. We present a systematic…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yusheng Zheng , Jiakun Fan , Quanzhi Fu , Yiwei Yang , Wei Zhang , Andi Quinn

We introduce the Agent GPA (Goal-Plan-Action) framework, driven by the fundamental insight that critical agent failures emerge at the intersections of setting goals, devising plans, and executing actions. We operationalize the framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Allison Sihan Jia , Daniel Huang , Nikhil Vytla , Seung Won Wilson Yoo , Nirvika Choudhury , Shayak Sen , John C. Mitchell , Anupam Datta

A myriad of measures to illustrate performance of predictive artificial intelligence (AI) models have been proposed in the literature. Selecting appropriate performance measures is essential for predictive AI models that are developed to be…

While AI agents hold transformative potential in business, effective performance benchmarking is hindered by the scarcity of public, realistic business data on widely used platforms. Existing benchmarks often lack fidelity in their…

This paper develops a unified framework for evaluating the optimal degree of task automation. Moving beyond binary automate-or-not assessments, we model automation intensity as a continuous choice in which firms minimize costs by selecting…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-01 Wensu Li , Atin Aboutorabi , Harry Lyu , Kaizhi Qian , Martin Fleming , Brian C. Goehring , Neil Thompson

The rapid adoption of AI agents across domains has made systematic evaluation crucial for ensuring their usefulness and successful production deployment. Evaluation of AI agents typically involves using a fixed set of benchmarks and…

AI agents often fail in ways that are difficult to localize because executions are probabilistic, long-horizon, multi-agent, and mediated by noisy tool outputs. We address this gap by manually annotating failed agent runs and release a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shraddha Barke , Arnav Goyal , Alind Khare , Avaljot Singh , Suman Nath , Chetan Bansal

This article presents a modular, component-based architecture for developing and evaluating AI agents that bridge the gap between natural language interfaces and complex enterprise data warehouses. The system directly addresses core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nooshin Bahador

Static benchmarks measure what AI agents can do at a fixed point in time but not how they are adopted, maintained, or experienced in deployment. We introduce AgentPulse, a continuous evaluation framework scoring 50 agents across 10 workload…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuxuan Gao , Megan Wang , Yi Ling Yu