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Non-stabilizerness - commonly known as magic - measures the extent to which a quantum state deviates from stabilizer states and is a fundamental resource for achieving universal quantum computation. In this work, we investigate the behavior…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Poetri Sonya Tarabunga

Magic refers to the degree of "quantumness" in a system that cannot be fully described by stabilizer states and Clifford operations alone. In quantum computing, stabilizer states and Clifford operations can be efficiently simulated on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-29 Yuzhen Zhang , Yingfei Gu

Magic quantum states (non-stabilizer states) play a pivotal role in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Simultaneously, random resources have emerged as a key element in various randomized techniques within contemporary quantum science. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Christopher Vairogs , Bin Yan

Magic states are key ingredients in schemes to realize universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. Theories of magic states attempt to quantify this computational element via monotones and determine how these states may be efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-28 Nikolaos Koukoulekidis , David Jennings

To achieve universal quantum computation via general fault-tolerant schemes, stabilizer operations must be supplemented with other non-stabilizer quantum resources. Motivated by this necessity, we develop a resource theory for magic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-09 Xin Wang , Mark M. Wilde , Yuan Su

The advent of quantum technologies brought forward much attention to the theoretical characterization of the computational resources they provide. A method to quantify quantum resources is to use a class of functions called magic monotones…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Arash Ahmadi , Eliska Greplova

We introduce a notion of chirality for generic quantum states. A chiral state is defined as a state which cannot be transformed into its complex conjugate in a local product basis using local unitary operations. We introduce a number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Shreya Vardhan , Bowen Shi , Isaac H. Kim , Yijian Zou

Non-stabilizerness, or magic, is a fundamental resource for quantum computation, enabling quantum algorithms to surpass classical capabilities. Despite its importance, characterizing magic remains challenging due to the intricate geometry…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Rafael A. Macedo , Patrick Andriolo , Santiago Zamora , Davide Poderini , Rafael Chaves

Magic state distillation is a crucial component in the leading approaches to implementing universal fault tolerant quantum computation, with existing protocols for both qubit and higher dimensional systems. Early work focused on determining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-25 Hillary Dawkins , Mark Howard

Nonstabilizerness, also known as magic, is a crucial resource for quantum computation. The growth in complexity of quantum processing units (QPUs) demands robust and scalable techniques for characterizing this resource. We introduce the…

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between entanglement and non-stabilizerness (also known as magic) in matrix product states (MPSs). We study the relation between magic and the bond dimension used to approximate the ground…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-17 M. Frau , P. S. Tarabunga , M. Collura , M. Dalmonte , E. Tirrito

Magic-state distillation (or non-stabilizer state manipulation) is a crucial component in the leading approaches to realizing scalable, fault-tolerant, and universal quantum computation. Related to non-stabilizer state manipulation is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-11 Xin Wang , Mark M. Wilde , Yuan Su

Quantum state discrimination plays a central role in defining the possible and impossible operations through a restricted class of quantum operations. A seminal result by Bennett et al. [Phys. Rev. A 59, 1070 (1999)] demonstrates the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Hyukjoon Kwon

Recent results on the non-universality of fault-tolerant gate sets underline the critical role of resource states, such as magic states, to power scalable, universal quantum computation. Here we develop a resource theory, analogous to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Victor Veitch , Seyed Ali Hamed Mousavian , Daniel Gottesman , Joseph Emerson

Entanglement and magic are fundamental resources that capture the complexity of quantum many-body systems. Non-local magic isolates the irreducible nonstabilizerness intrinsically tied to entanglement. However, evaluating this quantity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Daniele Iannotti , Beatrice Magni , Riccardo Cioli , Alioscia Hamma , Xhek Turkeshi

Magic, also known as nonstabilizerness, quantifies the distance of a quantum state to the set of stabilizer states, and it serves as a necessary resource for potential quantum advantage over classical computing. In this work, we study magic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Poetri Sonya Tarabunga , Emanuele Tirrito

Nonstabilizerness, or quantum magic, presents a valuable resource in quantum error correction and computation. We study the dynamics of locally injected magic in unitary Clifford circuits, where the total magic is conserved. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Mircea Bejan , Pieter W. Claeys , Jiangtian Yao

Non-stabilizerness - also colloquially referred to as magic - is the a resource for advantage in quantum computing and lies in the access to non-Clifford operations. Developing a comprehensive understanding of how non-stabilizerness can be…

Notions of nonstabilizerness, or "magic", quantify how non-classical quantum states are in a precise sense: states exhibiting low nonstabilizerness preclude quantum advantage. We introduce 'pseudomagic' ensembles of quantum states that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Andi Gu , Lorenzo Leone , Soumik Ghosh , Jens Eisert , Susanne Yelin , Yihui Quek

Magic describes the distance of a quantum state to its closest stabilizer state. It is -- like entanglement -- a necessary resource for a potential quantum advantage over classical computing. We study magic, quantified by stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Gerald E. Fux , Emanuele Tirrito , Marcello Dalmonte , Rosario Fazio
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