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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been shown effective for cooperative games in recent years. However, existing state-of-the-art methods face challenges related to sample complexity, training instability, and the risk of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Jiarong Liu , Yifan Zhong , Siyi Hu , Haobo Fu , Qiang Fu , Xiaojun Chang , Yaodong Yang

We introduce Heterogeneous Agent Collaborative Reinforcement Learning (HACRL), a new Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Reward (RLVR) problem that addresses the inefficiencies of isolated multi-agent on-policy optimization. HACRL…

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) has attracted considerable attention due to its potential in addressing complex cooperative tasks. However, existing MARL approaches often rely on frequent exchanges of action or state information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenglong Luo , Zhiyong Chen , Aoxiang Liu , Ke Pan

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is commonly considered to suffer from non-stationary environments and exponentially increasing policy space. It would be even more challenging when rewards are sparse and delayed over long…

Adversarial inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) for multi-agent task allocation (MATA) is challenged by non-stationary interactions and high-dimensional coordination. Unconstrained reward inference in these settings often leads to high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Huilin Yin , Zhikun Yang , Linchuan Zhang , Daniel Watzenig

Measuring the contribution of individual agents is challenging in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). In cooperative MARL, team performance is typically inferred from a single shared global reward. Arguably, among the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Omayma Mahjoub , Ruan de Kock , Siddarth Singh , Wiem Khlifi , Abidine Vall , Kale-ab Tessera , Arnu Pretorius

Recent advances in LLM-based multi-agent systems have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex decision-making scenarios such as financial trading and software engineering. However, evaluating each individual agent's effectiveness…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yihan Xia , Taotao Wang , Shengli Zhang , Zhangyuhua Weng , Bin Cao , Soung Chang Liew

Trust region methods rigorously enabled reinforcement learning (RL) agents to learn monotonically improving policies, leading to superior performance on a variety of tasks. Unfortunately, when it comes to multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Ruiqing Chen , Muning Wen , Ying Wen , Fanglei Sun , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a widely used technique for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, yet it often suffers from sparse reward signals, making effective credit assignment challenging.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Meng Cao , Shuyuan Zhang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Doina Precup

To promote cooperation in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, the reward signals of all agents can be aggregated together, forming global rewards that are commonly known as the fully cooperative setting. However, global rewards are usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Bang Giang Le , Viet Cuong Ta

Deducing the contribution of each agent and assigning the corresponding reward to them is a crucial problem in cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Previous studies try to resolve the issue through designing an intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Wei Li , Weiyan Liu , Shitong Shao , Shiyi Huang

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is central to robotic systems cooperating in dynamic environments. While prior work has focused on these collaborative settings, adversarial interactions are equally critical for real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Isaac Peterson , Christopher Allred , Jacob Morrey , Mario Harper

In the rapidly evolving field of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), understanding the dynamics of open systems is crucial. Openness in MARL refers to the dynam-ic nature of agent populations, tasks, and agent types with-in a system.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Alireza Saleh Abadi , Leen-Kiat Soh

In this paper, we propose multi-agent automated machine learning (MA2ML) with the aim to effectively handle joint optimization of modules in automated machine learning (AutoML). MA2ML takes each machine learning module, such as data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Zhaozhi Wang , Kefan Su , Jian Zhang , Huizhu Jia , Qixiang Ye , Xiaodong Xie , Zongqing Lu

This paper proposes a definition of system health in the context of multiple agents optimizing a joint reward function. We use this definition as a credit assignment term in a policy gradient algorithm to distinguish the contributions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Ross E. Allen , Jayesh K. Gupta , Jaime Pena , Yutai Zhou , Javona White Bear , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Discovering successful coordinated behaviors is a central challenge in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) since it requires exploring a joint action space that grows exponentially with the number of agents. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Ammar Fayad , Majd Ibrahim

The success of teams in robotics, nature, and society often depends on the division of labor among diverse specialists; however, a principled explanation for when such diversity surpasses a homogeneous team is still missing. Focusing on…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Michael Amir , Matteo Bettini , Amanda Prorok

Multiagent reinforcement learning algorithms (MARL) have been demonstrated on complex tasks that require the coordination of a team of multiple agents to complete. Existing works have focused on sharing information between agents via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Samir Wadhwania , Dong-Ki Kim , Shayegan Omidshafiei , Jonathan P. How

The application of deep reinforcement learning in multi-agent systems introduces extra challenges. In a scenario with numerous agents, one of the most important concerns currently being addressed is how to develop sufficient collaboration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Bin Zhang , Yunpeng Bai , Zhiwei Xu , Dapeng Li , Guoliang Fan

Designing effective reward functions in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a significant challenge, often leading to suboptimal or misaligned behaviors in complex, coordinated environments. We introduce Multi-agent Reinforcement…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ziyan Wang , Zhicheng Zhang , Fei Fang , Yali Du