Related papers: MHSXtraPy -- A Python code for the extrapolation o…
For the extrapolation of magnetic fields into the solar corona from measurements taken in the photosphere (or chromosphere) force-free magnetic fields are typically used. This does not take into account that the lower layers of the solar…
With current observational methods it is not possible to directly measure the magnetic field in the solar corona with sufficient accuracy. Therefore, coronal magnetic field models have to rely on extrapolation methods using photospheric…
Context. On the sun, the magnetic field vector is measured routinely only in the photosphere. By using these photospheric measurements as boundary condition, we developed the magnetohydrostatic (MHS) extrapolation to model the solar…
Magnetic field extrapolation is a fundamental tool to reconstruct the three-dimensional magnetic field above the solar photosphere. However, the prevalently used force-free field model might not be applicable in the lower atmosphere with…
Understanding structures and evolutions of the magnetic fields and plasma in multiple layers on the Sun is very important. A force-free magnetic field which is an accurate approximation of the solar corona due to the low plasma $\beta$ has…
Aims. We aim to develop a fast and consistent extrapolation method to model multiple layers of the solar atmosphere. Methods. The new approach combines the magnetohydrostatic (MHS) extrapolation which models the solar low atmosphere in a…
Modeling the interface region between solar photosphere and corona is challenging, because the relative importance of magnetic and plasma forces change by several orders of magnitude. While the solar corona can be modeled by the force-free…
Magnetic field in the solar corona is usually extrapolated from photospheric vector magnetogram using a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) model. NLFFF extrapolation needs a considerable effort to be devoted for its numerical realization.…
We describe a newly developed code for the extrapolation of nonlinear force-free coronal magnetic fields in spherical coordinates. The program uses measured vector magnetograms on the solar photosphere as input and solves the force-free…
Aims. Linear magnetohydrostatic (MHS) models of solar magnetic fields balance plasma pressure gradients, gravity and Lorentz forces where the current density is composed of a linear force-free component and a cross-field component that…
The solar atmosphere being magnetic in nature, the understanding of the structure and evolution of the magnetic field in different regions of the solar atmosphere has been an important task over the past decades. This task has been made…
Non-linear force-free extrapolations are a common approach to estimate the 3D topology of coronal magnetic fields based on photospheric vector magnetograms. The force-free assumption is a valid approximation at coronal heights, but for the…
A nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation is widely used to reconstruct the three-dimensional magnetic field in the solar corona from the observed photospheric magnetic field. However, the pressure gradient and gravitational forces…
Routine measurements of the solar magnetic field are mainly carried out in the photosphere. Therefore, one has to infer the field strength in the higher layers of the solar atmosphere from the measured photospheric field based on the…
Context. Understanding the 3D magnetic field as well as the plasma in the chromosphere and transition region is important. One way is to extrapolate the magnetic field and plasma from the routinely measured vector magnetogram on the…
Reliable measurements of the solar magnetic field are still restricted to the photosphere, and our present knowledge of the three-dimensional coronal magnetic field is largely based on extrapolation from photospheric magnetogram using…
Maps of the radial magnetic field at a heliocentric distance of ten solar radii are used as boundary conditions in the MHD code CRONOS to simulate a 3D inner-heliospheric solar wind emanating from the rotating Sun out to 1 AU. The input…
Using solar wind observation near PSP perihelions as constraints, we have investigated the parameters in various PFSS model methods. It's found that the interplanetary magnetic field extrapolation with source surface height $R_\mathrm{SS} =…
Extrapolation codes in Cartesian geometry for modelling the magnetic field in the corona do not take the curvature of the Sun's surface into account and can only be applied to relatively small areas, e.g., a single active region. We compare…
The solar magnetic field is key to understanding the physical processes in the solar atmosphere. Nonlinear force-free codes have been shown to be useful in extrapolating the coronal field upward from underlying vector boundary data.…