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Accelerating large language model pre-training is a critical issue in present research. In this paper, we focus on speeding up pre-training by progressively growing from a small Transformer structure to a large one. There are two main…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yiqun Yao , Zheng Zhang , Jing Li , Yequan Wang

Building multimodal language models is fundamentally challenging: it requires aligning vision and language modalities, curating high-quality instruction data, and avoiding the degradation of existing text-only capabilities once vision is…

With the proliferation of large language models (LLMs), the comprehensive alignment of such models across multiple tasks has emerged as a critical area of research. Existing alignment methodologies primarily address single task, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Bowen Xu , Shaoyu Wu , Kai Liu , Lulu Hu

We present DeepSeek-V2, a strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language model characterized by economical training and efficient inference. It comprises 236B total parameters, of which 21B are activated for each token, and supports a context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 DeepSeek-AI , Aixin Liu , Bei Feng , Bin Wang , Bingxuan Wang , Bo Liu , Chenggang Zhao , Chengqi Dengr , Chong Ruan , Damai Dai , Daya Guo , Dejian Yang , Deli Chen , Dongjie Ji , Erhang Li , Fangyun Lin , Fuli Luo , Guangbo Hao , Guanting Chen , Guowei Li , H. Zhang , Hanwei Xu , Hao Yang , Haowei Zhang , Honghui Ding , Huajian Xin , Huazuo Gao , Hui Li , Hui Qu , J. L. Cai , Jian Liang , Jianzhong Guo , Jiaqi Ni , Jiashi Li , Jin Chen , Jingyang Yuan , Junjie Qiu , Junxiao Song , Kai Dong , Kaige Gao , Kang Guan , Lean Wang , Lecong Zhang , Lei Xu , Leyi Xia , Liang Zhao , Liyue Zhang , Meng Li , Miaojun Wang , Mingchuan Zhang , Minghua Zhang , Minghui Tang , Mingming Li , Ning Tian , Panpan Huang , Peiyi Wang , Peng Zhang , Qihao Zhu , Qinyu Chen , Qiushi Du , R. J. Chen , R. L. Jin , Ruiqi Ge , Ruizhe Pan , Runxin Xu , Ruyi Chen , S. S. Li , Shanghao Lu , Shangyan Zhou , Shanhuang Chen , Shaoqing Wu , Shengfeng Ye , Shirong Ma , Shiyu Wang , Shuang Zhou , Shuiping Yu , Shunfeng Zhou , Size Zheng , T. Wang , Tian Pei , Tian Yuan , Tianyu Sun , W. L. Xiao , Wangding Zeng , Wei An , Wen Liu , Wenfeng Liang , Wenjun Gao , Wentao Zhang , X. Q. Li , Xiangyue Jin , Xianzu Wang , Xiao Bi , Xiaodong Liu , Xiaohan Wang , Xiaojin Shen , Xiaokang Chen , Xiaosha Chen , Xiaotao Nie , Xiaowen Sun , Xiaoxiang Wang , Xin Liu , Xin Xie , Xingkai Yu , Xinnan Song , Xinyi Zhou , Xinyu Yang , Xuan Lu , Xuecheng Su , Y. Wu , Y. K. Li , Y. X. Wei , Y. X. Zhu , Yanhong Xu , Yanping Huang , Yao Li , Yao Zhao , Yaofeng Sun , Yaohui Li , Yaohui Wang , Yi Zheng , Yichao Zhang , Yiliang Xiong , Yilong Zhao , Ying He , Ying Tang , Yishi Piao , Yixin Dong , Yixuan Tan , Yiyuan Liu , Yongji Wang , Yongqiang Guo , Yuchen Zhu , Yuduan Wang , Yuheng Zou , Yukun Zha , Yunxian Ma , Yuting Yan , Yuxiang You , Yuxuan Liu , Z. Z. Ren , Zehui Ren , Zhangli Sha , Zhe Fu , Zhen Huang , Zhen Zhang , Zhenda Xie , Zhewen Hao , Zhihong Shao , Zhiniu Wen , Zhipeng Xu , Zhongyu Zhang , Zhuoshu Li , Zihan Wang , Zihui Gu , Zilin Li , Ziwei Xie

Large language models such as GPT and Llama are trained with a next-token prediction loss. In this work, we suggest that training language models to predict multiple future tokens at once results in higher sample efficiency. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Athul Radhakrishnan , Siddhant Mohan , Mahima Sachdeva

The Muon optimizer has emerged as a compelling alternative to Adam for training large language models, achieving remarkable computational savings through gradient orthogonalization. However, Muon's optimizer state is more sensitive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yupeng Su , Ruijie Zhang , Ziyue Liu , Yequan Zhao , Zheng Zhang

In this work, we introduce Gemma 2, a new addition to the Gemma family of lightweight, state-of-the-art open models, ranging in scale from 2 billion to 27 billion parameters. In this new version, we apply several known technical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Gemma Team , Morgane Riviere , Shreya Pathak , Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Cassidy Hardin , Surya Bhupatiraju , Léonard Hussenot , Thomas Mesnard , Bobak Shahriari , Alexandre Ramé , Johan Ferret , Peter Liu , Pouya Tafti , Abe Friesen , Michelle Casbon , Sabela Ramos , Ravin Kumar , Charline Le Lan , Sammy Jerome , Anton Tsitsulin , Nino Vieillard , Piotr Stanczyk , Sertan Girgin , Nikola Momchev , Matt Hoffman , Shantanu Thakoor , Jean-Bastien Grill , Behnam Neyshabur , Olivier Bachem , Alanna Walton , Aliaksei Severyn , Alicia Parrish , Aliya Ahmad , Allen Hutchison , Alvin Abdagic , Amanda Carl , Amy Shen , Andy Brock , Andy Coenen , Anthony Laforge , Antonia Paterson , Ben Bastian , Bilal Piot , Bo Wu , Brandon Royal , Charlie Chen , Chintu Kumar , Chris Perry , Chris Welty , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Danila Sinopalnikov , David Weinberger , Dimple Vijaykumar , Dominika Rogozińska , Dustin Herbison , Elisa Bandy , Emma Wang , Eric Noland , Erica Moreira , Evan Senter , Evgenii Eltyshev , Francesco Visin , Gabriel Rasskin , Gary Wei , Glenn Cameron , Gus Martins , Hadi Hashemi , Hanna Klimczak-Plucińska , Harleen Batra , Harsh Dhand , Ivan Nardini , Jacinda Mein , Jack Zhou , James Svensson , Jeff Stanway , Jetha Chan , Jin Peng Zhou , Joana Carrasqueira , Joana Iljazi , Jocelyn Becker , Joe Fernandez , Joost van Amersfoort , Josh Gordon , Josh Lipschultz , Josh Newlan , Ju-yeong Ji , Kareem Mohamed , Kartikeya Badola , Kat Black , Katie Millican , Keelin McDonell , Kelvin Nguyen , Kiranbir Sodhia , Kish Greene , Lars Lowe Sjoesund , Lauren Usui , Laurent Sifre , Lena Heuermann , Leticia Lago , Lilly McNealus , Livio Baldini Soares , Logan Kilpatrick , Lucas Dixon , Luciano Martins , Machel Reid , Manvinder Singh , Mark Iverson , Martin Görner , Mat Velloso , Mateo Wirth , Matt Davidow , Matt Miller , Matthew Rahtz , Matthew Watson , Meg Risdal , Mehran Kazemi , Michael Moynihan , Ming Zhang , Minsuk Kahng , Minwoo Park , Mofi Rahman , Mohit Khatwani , Natalie Dao , Nenshad Bardoliwalla , Nesh Devanathan , Neta Dumai , Nilay Chauhan , Oscar Wahltinez , Pankil Botarda , Parker Barnes , Paul Barham , Paul Michel , Pengchong Jin , Petko Georgiev , Phil Culliton , Pradeep Kuppala , Ramona Comanescu , Ramona Merhej , Reena Jana , Reza Ardeshir Rokni , Rishabh Agarwal , Ryan Mullins , Samaneh Saadat , Sara Mc Carthy , Sarah Cogan , Sarah Perrin , Sébastien M. R. Arnold , Sebastian Krause , Shengyang Dai , Shruti Garg , Shruti Sheth , Sue Ronstrom , Susan Chan , Timothy Jordan , Ting Yu , Tom Eccles , Tom Hennigan , Tomas Kocisky , Tulsee Doshi , Vihan Jain , Vikas Yadav , Vilobh Meshram , Vishal Dharmadhikari , Warren Barkley , Wei Wei , Wenming Ye , Woohyun Han , Woosuk Kwon , Xiang Xu , Zhe Shen , Zhitao Gong , Zichuan Wei , Victor Cotruta , Phoebe Kirk , Anand Rao , Minh Giang , Ludovic Peran , Tris Warkentin , Eli Collins , Joelle Barral , Zoubin Ghahramani , Raia Hadsell , D. Sculley , Jeanine Banks , Anca Dragan , Slav Petrov , Oriol Vinyals , Jeff Dean , Demis Hassabis , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Clement Farabet , Elena Buchatskaya , Sebastian Borgeaud , Noah Fiedel , Armand Joulin , Kathleen Kenealy , Robert Dadashi , Alek Andreev

Current language modeling approaches are built around tokens. Text corpora are split into tokens, and models are trained by performing computations on these tokens, such as predicting the next token given the preceding ones as context. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Elio Musacchio , Lucia Siciliani , Pierpaolo Basile

We present MindGPT-4ov, a multimodal large language model (MLLM) that introduces a general post-training paradigm spanning data production, model training, and efficient deployment. It achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Wei Chen , Chaoqun Du , Feng Gu , Wei He , Qizhen Li , Zide Liu , Xuhao Pan , Chang Ren , Xudong Rao , Chenfeng Wang , Tao Wei , Chengjun Yu , Pengfei Yu , Yufei Zheng , Chunpeng Zhou , Pan Zhou , Xuhan Zhu

Multimodal foundation models, such as Gemini and ChatGPT, have revolutionized human-machine interactions by seamlessly integrating various forms of data. Developing a universal spoken language model that comprehends a wide range of natural…

Multimodal sentiment analysis aims to integrate textual, acoustic, and visual information for deep emotional understanding. Despite the progress of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) via supervised fine-tuning, their "black-box"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Miaosen Luo , Zhenhao Yang , Jieshen Long , Jinghu Sun , Yichu Liu , Sijie Mai

Distributed optimization is essential for training large models on large datasets. Multiple approaches have been proposed to reduce the communication overhead in distributed training, such as synchronizing only after performing multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Jianyu Wang , Vinayak Tantia , Nicolas Ballas , Michael Rabbat

Large Language Models are growing in size, and we expect them to continue to do so, as larger models train quicker. However, this increase in size will severely impact inference costs. Therefore model compression is important, to retain the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Georgy Tyukin

In this work, we introduce Speech-Copilot, a modular framework for instruction-oriented speech-processing tasks that minimizes human effort in toolset construction. Unlike end-to-end methods using large audio-language models, Speech-Copilot…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-24 Chun-Yi Kuan , Chih-Kai Yang , Wei-Ping Huang , Ke-Han Lu , Hung-yi Lee

We present Dream-Coder 7B, an open-source discrete diffusion language model for code generation that exhibits emergent any-order generation capabilities. Unlike traditional autoregressive (AR) models that decode strictly left-to-right,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhihui Xie , Jiacheng Ye , Lin Zheng , Jiahui Gao , Jingwei Dong , Zirui Wu , Xueliang Zhao , Shansan Gong , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Lingpeng Kong

The Muon optimizer has recently offered a promising alternative to AdamW for large language model training, leveraging matrix orthogonalization to produce geometry-aware updates. However, like all first-order methods, Muon can become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jiacheng Li , Jianchao Tan , Hongtao Xu , Jiaqi Zhang , Yifan Lu , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai

Recent literature on fine-tuning Large Language Models highlights a fundamental debate. While Full Fine-Tuning (FFT) provides the representational plasticity required for high-entropy knowledge injection, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haozhan Tang , Xiuqi Zhu , Xinyin Zhang , Boxun Li , Virginia Smith , Kevin Kuo

Diffusion models have demonstrated strong potential in language modeling, offering various advantages over traditional autoregressive approaches. Their ability to generate and revise entire responses in parallel enables faster generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Michael Hersche , Samuel Moor-Smith , Thomas Hofmann , Abbas Rahimi

We open-source MiMo-VL-Miloco-7B and its quantized variant MiMo-VL-Miloco-7B-GGUF, a pair of home-centric vision-language models that achieve strong performance on both home-scenario understanding and general multimodal reasoning. Built on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jiaze Li , Jingyang Chen , Yuxun Qu , Shijie Xu , Zhenru Lin , Junyou Zhu , Boshen Xu , Wenhui Tan , Pei Fu , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan

We propose a resource-efficient framework for compressing large language models through knowledge distillation, combined with guided chain-of-thought reinforcement learning. Using Qwen 3B as the teacher and Qwen 0.5B as the student, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Alejandro Paredes La Torre , Barbara Flores , Diego Rodriguez