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Analytical framework for predicting General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) performance on modern GPUs, focusing on runtime, power consumption, and energy efficiency. Our study employs two approaches: a custom-implemented tiled matrix…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xiaoteng , Liu , Pavly Halim

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a ubiquitous compute kernel in deep learning (DL). To support energy-efficient edge-native processing, new GEMM hardware units have been proposed that operate on unary encoded bitstreams using much…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Prabhu Vellaisamy , Harideep Nair , Joseph Finn , Manav Trivedi , Albert Chen , Anna Li , Tsung-Han Lin , Perry Wang , Shawn Blanton , John Paul Shen

Many scientific computing problems can be reduced to Matrix-Matrix Multiplications (MMM), making the General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) kernels in the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutine (BLAS) of interest to the high-performance computing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Louis Ledoux , Marc Casas

General-purpose processor vendors have integrated customized accelerator in their products due to the widespread use of General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) kernels. However, it remains a challenge to further improve the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Bingcai Sui , Junzhong Shen , Caixia Sun , Junhui Wang , Zhong Zheng , Wei Guo

General matrix multiplication (GEMM) on spatial accelerators is highly sensitive to mapping choices in both execution efficiency and energy consumption. However, the mapping space exhibits combinatorial explosion, which makes it extremely…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wulve Yang , Hailong Zou , Rui Zhou , Jionghao Zhang , Qiang Li , Gang Li , Yi Zhan , Shushan Qiao

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have revolutionized many Machine Learning (ML) applications, such as social network analysis, bioinformatics, etc. GNN inference can be accelerated by exploiting data sparsity in the input graph, vertex…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Paul Chen , Pavan Manjunath , Sasindu Wijeratne , Bingyi Zhang , Viktor Prasanna

The high computational and memory demands of modern deep learning (DL) workloads have led to the development of specialized hardware devices from cloud to edge, such as AMD's Ryzen AI XDNA NPUs. Optimizing general matrix multiplication…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Endri Taka , Andre Roesti , Joseph Melber , Pranathi Vasireddy , Kristof Denolf , Diana Marculescu

This paper advocates for an intertwined design of the dense linear algebra software stack that breaks down the strict barriers between the high-level, blocked algorithms in LAPACK (Linear Algebra PACKage) and the low-level,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Héctor Martínez , Sandra Catalán , Francisco D. Igual , José R. Herrero , Rafael Rodríguez-Sánchez , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí

We present an interface and an implementation of the General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) routine for multiple small matrices processed simultaneously on NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs). We focus on matrix sizes under 16. The…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Chetan Jhurani , Paul Mullowney

General matrix multiplication (GEMM) operations are the fundamental building blocks of computational domains including artificial intelligence (AI). As GPU architectures evolve and high-performance AI becomes increasingly important,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Harisankar Sadasivan , Muhammed Emin Ozturk , Muhammad Osama , Chris Millette , Astha Rai , Maksim Podkorytov , John Afaganis , Carlus Huang , Jing Zhang , Jun Liu

The Versal Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platform (ACAP) is a new architecture that combines AI Engines (AIEs) with reconfigurable fabric. This architecture offers significant acceleration potential for uniform recurrences in various…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Tuo Dai , Bizhao Shi , Guojie Luo

Matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a core operation to numerous scientific applications. Traditional implementations of Strassen-like fast matrix multiplication (FMM) algorithms often do not perform well except for very large matrix sizes, due…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2016-11-04 Jianyu Huang , Leslie Rice , Devin A. Matthews , Robert A. van de Geijn

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a fundamental operation widely used in scientific computations. Its performance and accuracy significantly impact the performance and accuracy of applications that depend on it. One such application…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Fumiya Kono , Naohito Nakasato , Maho Nakata

General matrix/matrix multiplication (GEMM) is crucial for scientific computing and machine learning. However, the increased scale of the computing platforms raises concerns about hardware and software reliability. In this poster, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Shixun Wu , Yujia Zhai , Jiajun Huang , Zizhe Jian , Zizhong Chen

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) has a wide range of applications in scientific simulation and artificial intelligence. Although traditional libraries can achieve high performance on large regular-shaped GEMMs, they often behave not…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Shangfei Yin , Qinglin Wang , Ruochen Hao , Tianyang Zhou , Songzhu Mei , Jie Liu

One of the most important and commonly used operations in many linear algebra functions is matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM), which is also a key component in obtaining high performance of many scientific codes. It is a computationally…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Nenad Mijić , Davor Davidović

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is the cornerstone of HPC workloads and Deep Learning. State-of-the-art vendor libraries tune tensor layouts, parallelization schemes, and cache blocking to minimize data movement across the memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Evangelos Georganas , Alexander Heinecke , Pradeep Dubey

Scaling laws for Large Language Models (LLMs) establish that model quality improves with computational scale, yet edge deployment imposes strict constraints on compute, memory, and power. Since General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) accounts…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 M. Grailoo , J. Núñez-Yáñez

GEneral Matrix Multiply (GEMM) is a central operation in deep learning and corresponds to the largest chunk of the compute footprint. Therefore, improving its efficiency is an active topic of ongoing research. A popular strategy is the use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Zhanpeng Zeng , Karthikeyan Sankaralingam , Vikas Singh

Sparse Ternary General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) remains under-optimized in existing libraries for Apple Silicon CPUs. We present a Sparse Ternary GEMM kernel optimized specifically for Apple's M-series processors. We propose a…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Baraq Lipshitz , Alessio Melone , Charalampos Maraziaris , Muhammed Bilal