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This paper is an invited layperson summary for The Academic of the paper referenced on the last page. We summarize how the formal framework of autocatalytic networks offers a means of modeling the origins of self-organizing, self-sustaining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Liane Gabora , Joscha Bach

In this work we present an empirical study where we demonstrate the possibility of developing an artificial agent that is capable to autonomously explore an experimental scenario. During the exploration, the agent is able to discover and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Gabriele Sartor , Davide Zollo , Marta Cialdea Mayer , Angelo Oddi , Riccardo Rasconi , Vieri Giuliano Santucci

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed robotics, healthcare, industry, and scientific discovery, yet a major frontier may lie beyond Earth. Space exploration and settlement offer vast environments and resources, but impose constraints…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ziyang Wang

Next-generation instruments for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy are marked by a substantial increase in complexity, featuring dozens of telescopes. This leap in scale introduces significant challenges in managing system operations and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-04 D. Kostunin , V. Sotnikov , S. Golovachev , A. Strube

Given the remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), an important question arises: Can LLMs conduct human-like scientific research and discover new knowledge, and act as an AI scientist? Scientific discovery is an iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Tingting Chen , Srinivas Anumasa , Beibei Lin , Vedant Shah , Anirudh Goyal , Dianbo Liu

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) have empowered autonomous agents to perform multi-turn interactions with tools and environments. However, scaling such agent training is limited by the lack of diverse and reliable environments.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhaoyang Wang , Canwen Xu , Boyi Liu , Yite Wang , Siwei Han , Zhewei Yao , Huaxiu Yao , Yuxiong He

Testing conversational AI systems at scale across diverse domains necessitates realistic and diverse user interactions capturing a wide array of behavioral patterns. We present a novel multi-agent framework for realistic, explainable human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Hareeshwar Karthikeyan

We present ScienceWorld, a benchmark to test agents' scientific reasoning abilities in a new interactive text environment at the level of a standard elementary school science curriculum. Despite the transformer-based progress seen in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ruoyao Wang , Peter Jansen , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu

One effective approach for equipping artificial agents with sensorimotor skills is to use self-exploration. To do this efficiently is critical, as time and data collection are costly. In this study, we propose an exploration mechanism that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Melisa Sener , Yukie Nagai , Erhan Oztop , Emre Ugur

Transformer-based large language models are rapidly advancing in the field of machine learning research, with applications spanning natural language, biology, chemistry, and computer programming. Extreme scaling and reinforcement learning…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Daniil A. Boiko , Robert MacKnight , Gabe Gomes

The environments, in which autonomous cars act, are high-risky, dynamic, and full of uncertainty, demanding a continuous update of their sensory information and knowledge bases. The frequency of facing an unknown object is too high making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Paulo R. Vieira , Pedro D. Félix , Luis Macedo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are catalyzing a paradigm shift in scientific discovery, evolving from task-specific automation tools into increasingly autonomous agents and fundamentally redefining research processes and human-AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Tianshi Zheng , Zheye Deng , Hong Ting Tsang , Weiqi Wang , Jiaxin Bai , Zihao Wang , Yangqiu Song

Large language models (LLMs) based Agents are increasingly pivotal in simulating and understanding complex human systems and interactions. We propose the AI-Agent School (AAS) system, built around a self-evolving mechanism that leverages…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sheng Jin , Haoming Wang , Zhiqi Gao , Yongbo Yang , Bao Chunjia , Chengliang Wang

When deployed, AI agents will encounter problems that are beyond their autonomous problem-solving capabilities. Leveraging human assistance can help agents overcome their inherent limitations and robustly cope with unfamiliar situations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Khanh Nguyen , Yonatan Bisk , Hal Daumé

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has given rise to a new category of autonomous AI systems, referred to as Deep Research (DR) agents. These agents are designed to tackle complex, multi-turn informational research tasks by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yuxuan Huang , Yihang Chen , Haozheng Zhang , Kang Li , Huichi Zhou , Meng Fang , Linyi Yang , Xiaoguang Li , Lifeng Shang , Songcen Xu , Jianye Hao , Kun Shao , Jun Wang

Agentic LLM AI agents are often little more than autonomous chatbots: actors following scripts, often controlled by an unreliable director. This work introduces a bottom-up framework that situates AI agents in their environment, with all…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Peter J. Bentley , Soo Ling Lim , Fuyuki Ishikawa

Experiential AI is presented as a research agenda in which scientists and artists come together to investigate the entanglements between humans and machines, and an approach to human-machine learning and development where knowledge is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Drew Hemment , Dave Murray-Rust , Vaishak Belle , Ruth Aylett , Matjaz Vidmar , Frank Broz

The rapid evolution of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has advanced workflow automation; however, existing research mainly targets performance upper bounds in static environments, overlooking robustness for stochastic real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Daocheng Fu , Jianbiao Mei , Rong Wu , Xuemeng Yang , Jia Xu , Ding Wang , Pinlong Cai , Yong Liu , Licheng Wen , Botian Shi

Agentic evolution has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving programs, workflows, and scientific solutions by iteratively generating candidates, evaluating them, and using feedback to guide future search. However, existing methods are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jiayi Zhang , Yongfeng Gu , Jianhao Ruan , Maojia Song , Yiran Peng , Zhiguang Han , Jinyu Xiang , Zhitao Wang , Caiyin Yang , Yixi Ouyang , Bang Liu , Chenglin Wu , Yuyu Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable unprecedented social science experimentation by creating controlled hybrid human-AI environments. We introduce Epitome (www.epitome-ai.com), an open experimental platform that operationalizes this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jingjing Qu , Kejia Hu , Jun Zhu , Yulei Ye , Wenhao Li , Teng Wang , Zhiyun Chen , Chaochao Lu , Aimin Zhou , Xiangfeng Wang , Xia Hu , James Evans