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Recent advances in visual language models have enabled autonomous agents for complex reasoning, tool use, and document understanding. However, existing document agents mainly transform papers into static artifacts such as summaries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dasen Dai , Biao Wu , Meng Fang , Wenhao Wang

App agents, which autonomously operate mobile Apps through Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), have gained significant interest in real-world applications. Yet, they often struggle with long-horizon planning, failing to find the optimal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Dezhao Luo , Bohan Tang , Kang Li , Georgios Papoudakis , Jifei Song , Shaogang Gong , Jianye Hao , Jun Wang , Kun Shao

Mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) World Models (WMs) offer a promising path for improving mobile GUI agent performance at train- and inference-time. However, current approaches face a critical trade-off: text-based WMs sacrifice visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Woosung Koh , Sungjun Han , Segyu Lee , Se-Young Yun , Jamin Shin

Image-to-code generation tests whether a vision-language model (VLM) can recover the structure of an image enough to express it as executable code. Existing benchmarks either focus on narrow visual domains, depend on paired executable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ajay Vikram Periasami , Junlin Wang , Bhuwan Dhingra

Interactive documents help readers engage with complex ideas through dynamic visualization, interactive animations, and exploratory interfaces. However, creating such documents remains costly, as it requires both domain expertise and web…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yinghao Tang , Yupeng Xie , Yingchaojie Feng , Tingfeng Lan , Jiale Lao , Yue Cheng , Wei Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on the design-to-code task, i.e., generating UI code from UI mock-ups. However, existing benchmarks only contain static web pages for evaluation and ignore…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingyu Xiao , Yuxuan Wan , Yintong Huo , Zixin Wang , Xinyi Xu , Wenxuan Wang , Zhiyao Xu , Yuhang Wang , Michael R. Lyu

User interface (UI) design is an iterative process in which designers progressively refine their work with design software such as Figma or Sketch. Recent advances in vision language models (VLMs) with tool invocation suggest these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Daeheon Jeong , Seoyeon Byun , Kihoon Son , Dae Hyun Kim , Juho Kim

The rapid appearance of large language models (LLMs) has led to systems that turn natural-language intent into real user interfaces (UIs). Free-form code generation maximizes expressiveness but often hurts reliability, security, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinsong Li , Ning Jiang , Jay Selvaraj

Witnessed by the recent advancements on leveraging LLM for coding and multimodal understanding, we present WebGen-V, a new benchmark and framework for instruction-to-HTML generation that enhances both data quality and evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Kuang-Da Wang , Zhao Wang , Yotaro Shimose , Wei-Yao Wang , Shingo Takamatsu

Autonomous graphical user interface (GUI) agents aim to facilitate task automation by interacting with the user interface without manual intervention. Recent studies have investigated eliciting the capabilities of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zhuosheng Zhang , Aston Zhang

Utilizing Graphic User Interface (GUI) for human-computer interaction is essential for accessing a wide range of digital tools. Recent advancements in Vision Language Models (VLMs) highlight the compelling potential to develop versatile…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wentong Chen , Junbo Cui , Jinyi Hu , Yujia Qin , Junjie Fang , Yue Zhao , Chongyi Wang , Jun Liu , Guirong Chen , Yupeng Huo , Yuan Yao , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

GUI agents that interact with graphical interfaces on behalf of users represent a promising direction for practical AI assistants. However, training such agents is hindered by the scarcity of suitable environments. We present InfiniteWeb, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ziyun Zhang , Zezhou Wang , Xiaoyi Zhang , Zongyu Guo , Jiahao Li , Bin Li , Yan Lu

Existing Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents operate through step-by-step calls to vision language models--taking a screenshot, reasoning about the next action, executing it, then repeating on the new page--resulting in high costs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hongbin Zhong , Fazle Faisal , Luis França , Tanakorn Leesatapornwongsa , Adriana Szekeres , Kexin Rong , Suman Nath

With the advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM), LLM-driven visual agents are increasingly impacting software interfaces, particularly those with graphical user interfaces. This work introduces a novel LLM-based multimodal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yanda Li , Chi Zhang , Wenjia Jiang , Wanqi Yang , Bin Fu , Pei Cheng , Xin Chen , Ling Chen , Yunchao Wei

Autonomous agents capable of navigating Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) hold the potential to revolutionize digital productivity. However, achieving true digital autonomy extends beyond reactive element matching; it necessitates a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hongxin Li , Xiping Wang , Jingran Su , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

We introduce WebSight, a vision-based autonomous web agent, designed to interact with web environments purely through visual perception, eliminating dependence on HTML or DOM-based inputs. Central to our approach we introduce our new model,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tanvir Bhathal , Asanshay Gupta

Converting user interfaces into code (UI2Code) is a crucial step in website development, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The automation of UI2Code is essential to streamline this task, beneficial for improving the development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Fan Wu , Cuiyun Gao , Shuqing Li , Xin-Cheng Wen , Qing Liao

The widespread availability of open-source repositories has led to a vast collection of reusable software components, yet their utilization remains manual, error-prone, and disconnected. Developers must navigate documentation, understand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Linyao Chen , Zimian Peng , Yingxuan Yang , Yikun Wang , Wenzheng Tom Tang , Hiroki H. Kobayashi , Weinan Zhang

Visual analytics (VA) is typically applied to complex data, thus requiring complex tools. While visual analytics empowers analysts in data analysis, analysts may get lost in the complexity occasionally. This highlights the need for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yuheng Zhao , Xueli Shu , Liwen Fan , Lin Gao , Yu Zhang , Siming Chen

Large language models can generate executable code for educational animations, but the resulting renders often exhibit visual defects, including element overlap, misalignment, and broken animation continuity. These defects cannot be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yuejia Li , Ke He , Junheng Li , Shutong Chen , Jingkang Xia , Zhiyue Su , Junchi Zhang , Mang Ye