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Related papers: Counterfactual Forecasting for Panel Data

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We develop a structural framework for modeling and inferring unobserved heterogeneity in dynamic panel-data models. Unlike methods treating clustering as a descriptive device, we model heterogeneity as arising from a latent clustering…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-29 Jean-Pierre Florens , Anna Simoni

In recurrent survival analysis where the event of interest can occur multiple times for each subject, frailty models play a crucial role by capturing unobserved heterogeneity at the subject level within a population. Frailty models…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-30 Borna Bateni , Peyman Bateni , Bishwadeep Bhattacharyya , Devin Reeh

Counterfactuals operationalised through algorithmic recourse have become a powerful tool to make artificial intelligence systems explainable. Conceptually, given an individual classified as y -- the factual -- we seek actions such that…

Recent innovations in diffusion probabilistic models have paved the way for significant progress in image, text and audio generation, leading to their applications in generative time series forecasting. However, leveraging such abilities to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuansan Liu , Sudanthi Wijewickrema , Dongting Hu , Christofer Bester , Stephen O'Leary , James Bailey

The modal factor model represents a new factor model for dimension reduction in high dimensional panel data. Unlike the approximate factor model that targets for the mean factors, it captures factors that influence the conditional mode of…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-10-01 Zhe Sun , Yundong Tu

Clinical practice in psychiatry is burdened with the increased demand for healthcare services and the scarce resources available. New paradigms of health data powered with machine learning techniques could open the possibility to improve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Juan Sebastian Canas , Francisco Gomez , Omar Costilla-Reyes

We study a stochastic model for the diffusion of competing opinions in a population composed of three types of agents: trend-followers, opposers, and indifferent individuals. The decision dynamics are driven by reinforcement mechanisms,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Manuel González-Navarrete

Forecasting is an important task in many domains, such as technology and economics. However existing forecasting benchmarks largely lack comprehensive confidence assessment, focus on limited question types, and often consist of artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zhangdie Yuan , Zifeng Ding , Andreas Vlachos

We develop a new Bayesian approach to estimating panel spatial autoregressive models with a known number of latent common factors, where N, the number of cross-sectional units, is much larger than T, the number of time periods. Without…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-28 Deborah Gefang , Stephen G Hall , George S. Tavlas

Personalized decision making requires the knowledge of potential outcomes under different treatments, and confidence intervals about the potential outcomes further enrich this decision-making process and improve its reliability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Zonghao Chen , Ruocheng Guo , Jean-François Ton , Yang Liu

Predictive models are being increasingly used to support consequential decision making at the individual level in contexts such as pretrial bail and loan approval. As a result, there is increasing social and legal pressure to provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Amir-Hossein Karimi , Gilles Barthe , Borja Balle , Isabel Valera

Learning behavioral patterns from observational data has been a de-facto approach to motion forecasting. Yet, the current paradigm suffers from two shortcomings: brittle under distribution shifts and inefficient for knowledge transfer. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Yuejiang Liu , Riccardo Cadei , Jonas Schweizer , Sherwin Bahmani , Alexandre Alahi

Predicting counterfactual outcomes in longitudinal data, where sequential treatment decisions heavily depend on evolving patient states, is critical yet notoriously challenging due to complex time-dependent confounding and inadequate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-15 Farbod Alinezhad , Jianfei Cao , Gary J. Young , Brady Post

With the widespread accumulation of observational data, researchers obtain a new direction to learn counterfactual effects in many domains (e.g., health care and computational advertising) without Randomized Controlled Trials(RCTs).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Guanglin Zhou , Lina Yao , Xiwei Xu , Chen Wang , Liming Zhu

Test-time adaptation enables models to adapt to evolving domains. However, balancing the tradeoff between preserving knowledge and adapting to domain shifts remains challenging for model adaptation methods, since adapting to domain shifts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Gabriel Tjio , Jie Zhang , Xulei Yang , Yun Xing , Nhat Chung , Xiaofeng Cao , Ivor W. Tsang , Chee Keong Kwoh , Qing Guo

Machine learning models that automate decision-making are increasingly used in consequential areas such as loan approvals, pretrial bail approval, and hiring. Unfortunately, most of these models are black boxes, i.e., they are unable to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Sopam Dasgupta , Joaquín Arias , Elmer Salazar , Gopal Gupta

This paper considers the problem of forecasting a collection of short time series using cross sectional information in panel data. We construct point predictors using Tweedie's formula for the posterior mean of heterogeneous coefficients…

Econometrics · Economics 2017-10-02 Laura Liu , Hyungsik Roger Moon , Frank Schorfheide

We address the problem of integrating data from multiple, possibly biased, observational and interventional studies, to eventually compute counterfactuals in structural causal models. We start from the case of a single observational dataset…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Marco Zaffalon , Alessandro Antonucci , David Huber , Rafael Cabañas

Counterfactual instances offer human-interpretable insight into the local behaviour of machine learning models. We propose a general framework to generate sparse, in-distribution counterfactual model explanations which match a desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Arnaud Van Looveren , Janis Klaise , Giovanni Vacanti , Oliver Cobb

Machine learning models have shown exceptional prowess in solving complex issues across various domains. However, these models can sometimes exhibit biased decision-making, resulting in unequal treatment of different groups. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Shuyi Chen , Shixiang Zhu