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There are many concepts of signed graph coloring which are defined by assigning colors to the vertices of the graphs. These concepts usually differ in the number of self-inverse colors used. We introduce a unifying concept for this kind of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Chiara Cappello , Eckhard Steffen

Here we present certificates for 5 classes of 6-edged multigraphs whose symmetrized graph monomials may be represented as sum of squares, but not as linear combinations of partition square graphs. This is a complement to the results…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-02-03 Per Alexandersson

The concept of sum labelling was introduced in 1990 by Harary. A graph is a sum graph if its vertices can be labelled by distinct positive integers in such a way that two vertices are connected by an edge if and only if the sum of their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-06 Henning Fernau , Kshitij Gajjar

Signed graphs are an emergent way of representing data in a variety of contexts where antagonistic interactions exist. These include data from biological, ecological, and social systems. Here we propose the concept of communicability for…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Fernando Diaz-Diaz , Ernesto Estrada

Which graphs admit an integer value harmonic function which is injective and surjective onto $\Z$? Such a function, which we call harmonic labeling, is constructed when the graph is the $\Z^2$ square grid. It is shown that for any finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-06-01 Itai Benjamini , Van Cyr , Eviatar B. Procaccia , Ran J. Tessler

A signed graph is a pair $(G,\sigma)$, where $G$ is a graph and $\sigma: E(G)\rightarrow \{-, +\}$, called signature, is an assignment of signs to the edges. Given a signed graph $(G,\sigma)$ with no negative loops, a balanced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Xiaolan Hu , Luis Kuffner , Jiaao Li , Reza Naserasr , Lujia Wang , Zhouningxin Wang , Xiaowei Yu

We give formulas, in terms of graph theoretical invariants, for the minimum distance and the generalized Hamming weights of the linear code generated by the rows of the incidence matrix of a signed graph over a finite field, and for those…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Jose Martinez-Bernal , Miguel A. Valencia , Rafael H. Villarreal

Product graphs have been gainfully used in literature to generate mathematical models of complex networks which inherit properties of real networks. Realizing the duplication phenomena imbibed in the definition of corona product of two…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-21 Rohan Sharma , Bibhas Adhikari , Abhishek Mishra

We use a well known concept of proper vertex colouring of a graph to introduce the construction of a chromatic completion graph and its related parameter, the chromatic completion number of a graph. We then give the chromatic completion…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-09-06 E. G Mphako-Banda , J. Kok

In this paper, we extend the sampling theory on graphs by constructing a framework that exploits the structure in product graphs for efficient sampling and recovery of bandlimited graph signals that lie on them. Product graphs are graphs…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Rohan Varma , Jelena Kovačević

In this paper, we construct additively graceful signed graphs S from a given graph G that may be additively graceful or not be additively graceful. We also show the construction of additively graceful signed graphs from additively graceful…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Mukti Acharya

For a graph $G$, let $\sigma_{2}(G)$ be the minimum degree sum of two non-adjacent vertices in $G$. A chord of a cycle in a graph $G$ is an edge of $G$ joining two non-consecutive vertices of the cycle. In this paper, we prove the following…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-14 Shuya Chiba , Suyun Jiang , Jin Yan

We introduce I/O-optimal certifying algorithms for bipartite graphs, as well as for the classes of split, threshold, bipartite chain, and trivially perfect graphs. When the input graph is a class member, the certifying algorithm returns a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Ulrich Meyer , Hung Tran , Konstantinos Tsakalidis

We introduce joins of signed graphs and explore the chromatic number of the all-positive and all-negative joins. We prove an analogue to the theorem that the chromatic number of the join of two graphs equals the sum of their chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-01 Amelia R. W. Mattern

We study linkedness of Cartesian product of graphs and prove that the product of an $a$-linked and a $b$-linked graphs is $(a+b-1)$-linked if the graphs are sufficiently large. Further bounds in terms of connectivity are shown. We determine…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-29 Gabor Meszaros

This paper has dual aims. First is to develop practical universal coding methods for unlabeled graphs. Second is to use these for graph anomaly detection. The paper develops two coding methods for unlabeled graphs: one based on the degree…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Anders Host-Madsen , June Zhang

We enumerate rooted 2-connected and 3-connected surface maps with respect to vertices and edges. We also derive the bivariate version of the large face-width result for random 3-connected maps. These results are then used to derive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-16 E. A. Bender , Z. Gao

Signed graphs are graphs with signed edges. They are commonly used to represent positive and negative relationships in social networks. While balance theory and clusterizable graphs deal with signed graphs to represent social interactions,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-05-21 Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Christopher Thraves

We study which signs can occur among Hamiltonian circles in simple plane signed graphs. Using a face-based viewpoint, we relate the sign of a Hamiltonian circle to the product of the signs of the faces inside it, and we introduce…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Xiyong Yan

Chordal graphs are the graphs in which every cycle of length at least four has a chord. A set $S$ is a vertex separator for vertices $a$ and $b$ if the removal of $S$ of the graph separates $a$ and $b$ into distinct connected components. A…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-03-22 Sérgio H. Nogueira , Vinicius F. dos Santos