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Related papers: Biomedical Hypothesis Explainability with Graph-Ba…

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Recent proprietary large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, have achieved a milestone in tackling diverse challenges in the biomedical domain, ranging from multiple-choice questions to long-form generations. To address challenges that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Minbyul Jeong , Jiwoong Sohn , Mujeen Sung , Jaewoo Kang

Abductive reasoning in knowledge graphs aims to generate plausible logical hypotheses from observed entities, with broad applications in areas such as clinical diagnosis and scientific discovery. However, due to a lack of controllability, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yisen Gao , Jiaxin Bai , Tianshi Zheng , Qingyun Sun , Ziwei Zhang , Xingcheng Fu , Jianxin Li , Yangqiu Song

This paper presents a novel benchmarking framework Dyport for evaluating biomedical hypothesis generation systems. Utilizing curated datasets, our approach tests these systems under realistic conditions, enhancing the relevance of our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Ilya Tyagin , Ilya Safro

Research question answering requires accurate retrieval and contextual understanding of scientific literature. However, current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods often struggle to balance complex document relationships with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yuntong Hu , Zhihan Lei , Zhongjie Dai , Allen Zhang , Abhinav Angirekula , Zheng Zhang , Liang Zhao

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), the biomedical domain has seen significant progress and improvement in multiple tasks such as biomedical question answering, lay language summarization of the biomedical literature,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Deepak Gupta , Dina Demner-Fushman , William Hersh , Steven Bedrick , Kirk Roberts

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to analyzing wearable sensing data, which are long-term, multimodal, and highly personalized. A key challenge is context selection: providing insufficient context limits reasoning, while…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zhenyu Lu , Mahyar Abbasian , Amir M. Rahmani

Current medical language models, adapted from large language models (LLMs), typically predict ICD code-based diagnosis from electronic health records (EHRs) because these labels are readily available. However, ICD codes do not capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wenhao Li , Hongkuan Zhang , Hongwei Zhang , Zhengxu Li , Zengjie Dong , Yafan Chen , Niranjan Bidargaddi , Hong Liu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the reliability of large language models (LLMs) by addressing issues like hallucinations, outdated knowledge, and domain adaptation. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Weihang Su , Yichen Tang , Qingyao Ai , Junxi Yan , Changyue Wang , Hongning Wang , Ziyi Ye , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu

We address the fundamental task of inferring cross-document coreference and hierarchy in scientific texts, which has important applications in knowledge graph construction, search, recommendation and discovery. Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Lior Forer , Tom Hope

Large language models (LLMs) struggle with the factual error during inference due to the lack of sufficient training data and the most updated knowledge, leading to the hallucination problem. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Zulun Zhu , Tiancheng Huang , Kai Wang , Junda Ye , Xinghe Chen , Siqiang Luo

Machine learning (ML) holds great promise for clinical applications but is often hindered by limited access to high-quality data due to privacy concerns, high costs, and long timelines associated with clinical trials. While large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zerui Xu , Fang Wu , Yingzhou Lu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yue Zhao

Understanding 3D scenes in open-world settings poses fundamental challenges for vision and robotics, particularly due to the limitations of closed-vocabulary supervision and static annotations. To address this, we propose a unified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Fei Yu , Quan Deng , Shengeng Tang , Yuehua Li , Lechao Cheng

Answering complex real-world questions in the medical domain often requires accurate retrieval from medical Textual Knowledge Graphs (medical TKGs), as the relational path information from TKGs could enhance the inference ability of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiatan Huang , Mingchen Li , Zonghai Yao , Dawei Li , Yuxin Zhang , Zhichao Yang , Yongkang Xiao , Feiyun Ouyang , Xiaohan Li , Shuo Han , Hong Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in medical Question Answering (QA), yet they remain prone to hallucinations and ungrounded reasoning, limiting their reliability in high-stakes clinical scenarios. While…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jessica Ryan , Alexander I. Gumilang , Robert Wiliam , Derwin Suhartono

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) by dynamically integrating external knowledge, thereby mitigating hallucinations and strengthening contextual grounding for structured data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sen Zhao , Lincheng Zhou , Yue Chen , Ding Zou

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), particularly through Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which enhances LLM capabilities by integrating external knowledge. However, traditional RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Nengbo Wang , Xiaotian Han , Jagdip Singh , Jing Ma , Vipin Chaudhary

Large Language Models (LLMs) succeed in many natural language processing tasks. However, their tendency to hallucinate - generate plausible but inconsistent or factually incorrect text - can cause significant problems in certain tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Xiangyan Chen , Yujian Gan , Yimeng Gu , Matthew Purver

This study applies Large Language Models (LLMs) to two foundational Electronic Health Record (EHR) data science tasks: structured data querying (using programmatic languages, Python/Pandas) and information extraction from unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Juan Jose Rubio Jan , Jack Wu , Julia Ive

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable in-context reasoning capabilities across a wide range of tasks, particularly with unstructured inputs such as language or images. However, LLMs struggle to handle structured data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jintang Li , Ruofan Wu , Yuchang Zhu , Huizhe Zhang , Liang Chen , Zibin Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, although their susceptibility to hallucination poses significant challenges for their deployment in critical areas such as healthcare. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Mengjia Niu , Hao Li , Jie Shi , Hamed Haddadi , Fan Mo