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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) exhibit exceptional energy efficiency on neuromorphic hardware due to their sparse activation patterns. However, conventional training methods based on surrogate gradients and Backpropagation Through Time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Xiaochen Zhao , Chengting Yu , Kairong Yu , Lei Liu , Aili Wang

In recent decades, neuromorphic computing aiming to imitate brains' behaviors has been developed in various fields of computer science. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an important concept in Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Jiulong Wang , Ruopu Wu , Guokai Chen , Xuhao Chen , Boran Liu , Jixiang Zong , Di Zhao

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in numerous tasks, but deployment in resource-constrained environments remains a challenge due to their high computational and memory requirements. Spiking neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chang Liu , Jiangrong Shen , Xuming Ran , Mingkun Xu , Qi Xu , Yi Xu , Gang Pan

The spiking neural network (SNN) computes and communicates information through discrete binary events. It is considered more biologically plausible and more energy-efficient than artificial neural networks (ANN) in emerging neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Yang Li , Yi Zeng , Dongcheng Zhao

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been put forward as an energy-efficient alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) since they perform sparse Accumulate operations instead of the power-hungry Multiply-and-Accumulate operations.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Pranav Ramesh , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), with brain-inspired structure using discrete spikes instead of continuous activations, are gaining attention for their efficient processing on neuromorphic chips. While current SNN hardware accelerators often…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Tenglong Li , Jindong Li , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Qian Zhang , Yi Zeng

Recent efforts to improve the performance of neural network (NN) accelerators that meet today's application requirements have given rise to a new trend of logic-based NN inference relying on fixed-function combinational logic (FFCL). This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Jingkai Hong , Arash Fayyazi , Amirhossein Esmaili , Mahdi Nazemi , Massoud Pedram

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have the potential to drastically reduce the energy requirements of AI systems. However, mainstream accelerators like GPUs and TPUs are designed for the high arithmetic intensity of standard ANNs so are not…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zainab Aizaz , James C. Knight , Thomas Nowotny

This paper presents, NeuroTrainer, an intelligent memory module with in-memory accelerators that forms the building block of a scalable architecture for energy efficient training for deep neural networks. The proposed architecture is based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-10-13 Duckhwan Kim , Taesik Na , Sudhakar Yalamanchili , Saibal Mukhopadhyay

The demand for edge artificial intelligence to process event-based, complex data calls for hardware beyond conventional digital, von-Neumann architectures. Neuromorphic computing, using spiking neural networks (SNNs) with emerging…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Zhu Wang , Song Wang , Zhiyuan Du , Ruibin Mao , Yu Xiao , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Peng Lin , Can Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) may offer an energy-efficient alternative for implementing deep learning applications. In recent years, there have been several proposals focused on supervised (conversion, spike-based gradient descent) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Priyadarshini Panda , Aparna Aketi , Kaushik Roy

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) that operate in an event-driven manner and employ binary spike representation have recently emerged as promising candidates for energy-efficient computing. However, a cost bottleneck arises in obtaining…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Yunpeng Yao , Man Wu , Zheng Chen , Renyuan Zhang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are a class of bio-inspired neural networks that promise to bring low-power and low-latency inference to edge devices through asynchronous and sparse processing. However, being temporal models, SNNs depend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Asude Aydin , Mathias Gehrig , Daniel Gehrig , Davide Scaramuzza

The ambition of brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) is to become a low-power alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This work addresses two major challenges in realizing this vision: the performance gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Man Yao , Xuerui Qiu , Tianxiang Hu , Jiakui Hu , Yuhong Chou , Keyu Tian , Jianxing Liao , Luziwei Leng , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

As the technology industry is moving towards implementing tasks such as natural language processing, path planning, image classification, and more on smaller edge computing devices, the demand for more efficient implementations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Peyton Chandarana , Mohammadreza Mohammadi , James Seekings , Ramtin Zand

Deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional deep learning frameworks, due to their promise to provide increased compute efficiency on event-driven neuromorphic hardware. However, to perform…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Souvik Kundu , Gourav Datta , Massoud Pedram , Peter A. Beerel

Spiking Neural Network (SNN) inference has a clear potential for high energy efficiency as computation is triggered by events. However, the inherent sparsity of events poses challenges for conventional computing systems, driving the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Simone Manoni , Paul Scheffler , Luca Zanatta , Andrea Acquaviva , Luca Benini , Andrea Bartolini

Speech enhancement (SE) is crucial for reliable communication devices or robust speech recognition systems. Although conventional artificial neural networks (ANN) have demonstrated remarkable performance in SE, they require significant…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Abir Riahi , Éric Plourde

Intelligent mobile agents (e.g., UGVs and UAVs) typically demand low power/energy consumption when solving their machine learning (ML)-based tasks, since they are usually powered by portable batteries with limited capacity. A potential…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Shafique

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are artificial computational models that have been inspired by the brain's ability to naturally encode and process information in the time domain. The added temporal dimension is believed to render them more…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-29 S. R. Nandakumar , Irem Boybat , Manuel Le Gallo , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Abu Sebastian , Bipin Rajendran