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Representation by neural networks, in particular by restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM), has provided a powerful computational tool to solve quantum many-body problems. An important open question is how to characterize which class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-23 Sirui Lu , Xun Gao , L. -M. Duan

A long-standing goal of nuclear theory is to explain how the structure and dynamics of atomic nuclei and neutron-star matter emerge from the underlying interactions among protons and neutrons. Achieving this goal requires solving the…

Neural networks (NNs) have great potential in solving the ground state of various many-body problems. However, several key challenges remain to be overcome before NNs can tackle problems and system sizes inaccessible with more established…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-24 Khachatur Nazaryan , Filippo Gaggioli , Yi Teng , Liang Fu

Neural quantum states are a promising framework for simulating many-body quantum dynamics, as they can represent states with volume-law entanglement. As time evolves, the neural network parameters are typically optimized at discrete time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Dingzu Wang , Wenxuan Zhang , Xiansong Xu , Dario Poletti

Neural network quantum states (NQS) have emerged as a powerful and flexible framework for addressing quantum many-body problems. While successful for model Hamiltonians, their application to molecular systems remains challenging for several…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Zibo Wu , Bohan Zhang , Wei-Hai Fang , Zhendong Li

The ground state of second-quantized quantum chemistry Hamiltonians is key to determining molecular properties. Neural quantum states (NQS) offer flexible and expressive wavefunction ansatze for this task but face two main challenges:…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 An-Jun Liu , Bryan K. Clark

The $\mathbb{Z}_N$ cluster-state wavefunction, a paradigmatic example of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order with $\mathbb{Z}_N \times \mathbb{Z}_N$ symmetry, is expressed in various equivalent ways. We identify the projector-based…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-04-15 Seungho Lee , Daesik Kim , Hyun-Yong Lee , Jung Hoon Han

We describe a class of neuralized fermionic tensor network states (NN-fTNS) that introduce non-linearity into fermionic tensor networks through configuration-dependent neural network transformations of the local tensors. The construction…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-05-22 Si-Jing Du , Ao Chen , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

In quantum physics, even simple data with a well-defined structure at the wave function level can be characterized by extremely complex correlations between its constituent elements. The inherent non-locality of the quantum correlations…

The rapid development of neural quantum states (NQS) has established it as a promising framework for studying quantum many-body systems. In this work, by leveraging the cutting-edge transformer-based architectures and developing highly…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-07-11 Yuntian Gu , Wenrui Li , Heng Lin , Bo Zhan , Ruichen Li , Yifei Huang , Di He , Yantao Wu , Tao Xiang , Mingpu Qin , Liwei Wang , Dingshun Lv

We establish a direct connection between general tensor networks and deep feed-forward artificial neural networks. The core of our results is the construction of neural-network layers that efficiently perform tensor contractions, and that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Or Sharir , Amnon Shashua , Giuseppe Carleo

We develop a constructive approach to generate artificial neural networks representing the exact ground states of a large class of many-body lattice Hamiltonians. It is based on the deep Boltzmann machine architecture, in which two layers…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-12-18 Giuseppe Carleo , Yusuke Nomura , Masatoshi Imada

Neural Quantum States (NQS) are a class of variational wave functions parametrized by neural networks (NNs) to study quantum many-body systems. In this work, we propose \texttt{SineKAN}, a NQS \textit{ansatz} based on Kolmogorov-Arnold…

We develop two cutting-edge approaches to construct deep neural networks representing the purified finite-temperature states of quantum many-body systems. Both methods commonly aim to represent the Gibbs state by a highly expressive…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-08-10 Yusuke Nomura , Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Franco Nori

A study of the artificial neural network representation of quantum many-body states is presented. The locality and entanglement properties of states for shallow and deep quantum neural networks are investigated in detail. By introducing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-15 Zhih-Ahn Jia , Lu Wei , Yu-Chun Wu , Guang-Can Guo , Guo-Ping Guo

Neural-Network Quantum State (NQS) has attracted significant interests as a powerful wave-function ansatz to model quantum phenomena. In particular, a variant of NQS based on the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) has been adapted to model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-09 Chang-yu Hsieh , Qiming Sun , Shengyu Zhang , Chee Kong Lee

In this paper, we demonstrate the expressibility of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in quantum many-body physics by showing that a feed-forward neural network with a small number of hidden layers can be trained to approximate with high…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-01-17 Zi Cai , Jinguo Liu

The variational wave functions based on neural networks have recently started to be recognized as a powerful ansatz to represent quantum many-body states accurately. In order to show the usefulness of the method among all available…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-04-28 Yusuke Nomura

The challenge posed by the many-body problem in quantum physics originates from the difficulty of describing the non-trivial correlations encoded in the exponential complexity of the many-body wave function. Here we demonstrate that…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-02-13 Giuseppe Carleo , Matthias Troyer

Simulating quantum many-body dynamics on classical computers is a challenging problem due to the exponential growth of the Hilbert space. Artificial neural networks have recently been introduced as a new tool to approximate quantum-many…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-05-25 Sheng-Hsuan Lin , Frank Pollmann