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Offline policy improvement faces an inherent conflict between maximizing value and fitting the data distribution. While in-sample weighted regression is stable, it suffers from over-conservatism that suppresses high-value actions in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiaxin Zhao , Weihang Pan , Xun Liang , Binbin Lin

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn a policy from a static dataset without further interactions with the environment. Collecting sufficiently large datasets for offline RL is exhausting since this data collection requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jongchan Park , Mingyu Park , Donghwan Lee

Combining offline and online reinforcement learning (RL) is crucial for efficient and safe learning. However, previous approaches treat offline and online learning as separate procedures, resulting in redundant designs and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Kun Lei , Zhengmao He , Chenhao Lu , Kaizhe Hu , Yang Gao , Huazhe Xu

A common strategy in transfer learning is few shot fine-tuning, but its success is highly dependent on the quality of samples selected as training examples. Active learning methods such as uncertainty sampling and diversity sampling can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Wei Han , David Martinez , Anna Khanina , Lawrence Cavedon , Karin Verspoor

In safety-critical domains where online data collection is infeasible, offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers an attractive alternative but only if policies deliver high returns without incurring catastrophic lower-tail risk. Prior work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Kai Fukazawa , Kunal Mundada , Iman Soltani

As black-box models increasingly power high-stakes applications, a variety of data-driven explanation methods have been introduced. Meanwhile, machine learning models are constantly challenged by distributional shifts. A question naturally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Tang Li , Fengchun Qiao , Mengmeng Ma , Xi Peng

Asynchronous Distributed Reinforcement Learning (DRL) can suffer from degraded convergence when model updates become stale, often the result of network congestion and packet loss during large-scale training. This work introduces a network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Nehal Baganal Krishna , Anam Tahir , Firas Khamis , Mina Tahmasbi Arashloo , Michael Zink , Amr Rizk

Domain-specific intelligence demands specialized knowledge and sophisticated reasoning for problem-solving, posing significant challenges for large language models (LLMs) that struggle with knowledge hallucination and inadequate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhengren Wang , Jiayang Yu , Dongsheng Ma , Zhe Chen , Yu Wang , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Yanfeng Wang , Weinan E , Linpeng Tang , Wentao Zhang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) refers to the problem of learning policies entirely from a large batch of previously collected data. This problem setting offers the promise of utilizing such datasets to acquire policies without any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Tianhe Yu , Garrett Thomas , Lantao Yu , Stefano Ermon , James Zou , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn , Tengyu Ma

Offline-to-online (O2O) reinforcement learning (RL) provides an effective means of leveraging an offline pre-trained policy as initialization to improve performance rapidly with limited online interactions. Recent studies often design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Qin-Wen Luo , Ming-Kun Xie , Ye-Wen Wang , Sheng-Jun Huang

Sim2Real domain adaptation (DA) research focuses on the constrained setting of adapting from a labeled synthetic source domain to an unlabeled or sparsely labeled real target domain. However, for high-stakes applications (e.g. autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Viraj Prabhu , David Acuna , Andrew Liao , Rafid Mahmood , Marc T. Law , Judy Hoffman , Sanja Fidler , James Lucas

Offline Reinforcement Learning (ORL) offers a robust solution to training agents in applications where interactions with the environment must be strictly limited due to cost, safety, or lack of accurate simulation environments. Despite its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Carlo Romeo , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Incorporating prior data into online reinforcement learning accelerates training but typically forces a difficult trade-off between high computational costs and long, multi-stage training pipelines. While fixed-length stabilization phases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Carlo Romeo , Girolamo Macaluso , Alessandro Sestini , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Reinforcement learning algorithms are typically designed for discrete-time dynamics, even though the underlying real-world control systems are often continuous in time. In this paper, we study the problem of continuous-time reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Klemens Iten , Lenart Treven , Bhavya Sukhija , Florian Dörfler , Andreas Krause

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) recently gains growing interests from RL researchers. However, the performance of offline RL suffers from the out-of-distribution problem, which can be corrected by feedback in online RL. Previous offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Shuncheng He , Hongchang Zhang , Jianzhun Shao , Yuhang Jiang , Xiangyang Ji

Offline-to-online reinforcement learning harnesses the stability of offline pretraining and the flexibility of online fine-tuning. A key challenge lies in the non-stationary distribution shift between offline datasets and the evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Letian Yang , Xu Liu , Yiqiang Lu , Jian Liu , Weiqiang Wang , Shuai Li

Distribution shifts and adversarial examples are two major challenges for deploying machine learning models. While these challenges have been studied individually, their combination is an important topic that remains relatively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yunjuan Wang , Hussein Hazimeh , Natalia Ponomareva , Alexey Kurakin , Ibrahim Hammoud , Raman Arora

Modern machine learning systems operating in dynamic environments often face \textit{sequential covariate shift} (SCS), where input distributions evolve over time while the conditional distribution remains stable. We introduce FADE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Behraj Khan , Tahir Qasim Syed , Nouman Muhammad Durrani

Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL), which builds a supervised transition model with logging dataset to avoid costly interactions with the online environment, has been a promising approach for offline policy optimization. As the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Junming Yang , Xingguo Chen , Shengyuan Wang , Bolei Zhang

The composition of pretraining data is a key determinant of foundation models' performance, but there is no standard guideline for allocating a limited computational budget across different data sources. Most current approaches either rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yiding Jiang , Allan Zhou , Zhili Feng , Sadhika Malladi , J. Zico Kolter
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