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A recent trend in control of power systems has sought to quantify the synchronization dynamics in terms of a global performance metric, compute it under very simplified assumptions, and use it to gain insight on the role of system…
Electricity systems are experiencing increased effects of randomness and variability due to emerging stochastic assets. The increased effects introduce new uncertainties into power systems that can impact system operability and reliability.…
Under frequency load shedding (UFLS) constitutes the very last resort for preventing total blackouts and cascading events. Fluctuating operating conditions and weak resilience of the future grid require UFLS strategies adapt to various…
The large-scale integration of intermittent renewable energy resources introduces increased uncertainty and volatility to the supply side of power systems, thereby complicating system operation and control. Recently, data-driven approaches,…
This paper provides an enhanced modeling of the contingency response that collectively reflects high-fidelity physical and operational characteristics of power grids. Integrating active and reactive power contingency responses into the…
This paper evaluates the frequency performance of an AC system when primary frequency response is provided by inverter-based resources located at remote-areas. Due to potentially larger wave propagation constants over longer lines, fast…
High penetration of renewable generation poses great challenge to power system operation due to its uncertain nature. In droop-controlled microgrids, the voltage volatility induced by renewable uncertainties is aggravated by the high droop…
To stabilize the frequency of the renewable energy sources (RESs) dominated power system, frequency supports are required by RESs through virtual inertia emulation or droop control in the newly published grid codes. Since the long-term RES…
To address system frequency challenges driven by the integration of renewable generation, advanced control strategies are designed at the device level to provide effective frequency support following disturbances. However, typically relying…
This paper analyzes how power injections affect frequency quality in power systems. We first derive a general expression linking active and reactive power injections at buses to the system's frequency. This formulation explicitly considers…
The Rate of Occurrence of Failures (ROCOF) is a widely utilized indicator for assessing a system's performance over time, yet it does not fully disclose the instantaneous behavior of a system. This paper introduces new measures to…
With the decrease in system inertia, frequency security becomes an issue for power systems around the world. Energy storage systems (ESS), due to their excellent ramping capabilities, are considered as a natural choice for the improvement…
In this paper, the Unit Commitment (UC) problem in a power network with low levels of rotational inertia is studied. Frequency-related constraints, namely the limitation on Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency (RoCoF), frequency nadir and…
High penetration of renewable resources results in a power system with lower inertia and higher frequency sensitivity to power imbalances. Such systems are becoming increasingly susceptible to frequency collapse during extreme disturbances.…
We propose a mathematical framework for designing robust networks of coupled phase-oscillators by leveraging a vulnerability measure proposed by Tyloo et. al that quantifies how much a small perturbation to a phase-oscillator's natural…
The rapid growth of renewable energy sources has significantly reduced system inertia and increased the need for fast frequency response (FFR) in modern power systems. Data centers, as large and flexible electrical consumers, hold great…
In this paper, we propose a combined Online Feedback Optimization (OFO) and dynamic estimation approach for a real-time power grid operation under time-varying conditions. A dynamic estimation uses grid measurements to generate the…
The fast frequency support (FFS) towards frequency trajectory optimization provides a system view for the frequency regulation of wind farms (WFs). However, the existing frequency trajectory optimization-based FFS generally relies on the…
Power systems must maintain the frequency within acceptable limits when subjected to a disturbance. To ensure this, the most significant credible disturbance in the system is normally used as a benchmark to allocate the Primary Frequency…
This is the second part of a two-part paper on data-based distributionally robust stochastic optimal power flow (OPF). The general problem formulation and methodology have been presented in Part I [1]. Here, we present extensive numerical…