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Transformer-based pre-trained models of code (PTMC) have been widely utilized and have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many mission-critical applications. However, they can be vulnerable to adversarial attacks through identifier…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Xiaohu Du , Ming Wen , Zichao Wei , Shangwen Wang , Hai Jin

In recent years Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable results and even showed super-human capabilities in a broad range of domains. This led people to trust in DNNs' classifications and resulting actions even in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Philip Sperl , Ching-Yu Kao , Peng Chen , Konstantin Böttinger

To guarantee safe and robust deployment of large language models (LLMs) at scale, it is critical to accurately assess their adversarial robustness. Existing adversarial attacks typically target harmful responses in single-point greedy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Tim Beyer , Yan Scholten , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance across diverse tasks by leveraging pre-trained (i.e., parametric) and external (i.e., contextual) knowledge. While substantial efforts have been made to enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Hyuhng Joon Kim , Youna Kim , Sang-goo Lee , Taeuk Kim

LLM-integrated applications and agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where adversaries embed malicious instructions within seemingly benign input data to manipulate the LLM's intended behavior. Recent defenses based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sarthak Choudhary , Divyam Anshumaan , Nils Palumbo , Somesh Jha

Pretrained language models have significantly advanced performance across various natural language processing tasks. However, adversarial attacks continue to pose a critical challenge to systems built using these models, as they can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhenhao Li , Huichi Zhou , Marek Rei , Lucia Specia

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown remarkable performance in a variety of domains such as computer vision, speech recognition, or natural language processing. Recently they also have been applied to various software engineering tasks,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Yu Zhou , Xiaoqing Zhang , Juanjuan Shen , Tingting Han , Taolue Chen , Harald Gall

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, from virtual assistants to autonomous agents. However, their flexibility also introduces new attack vectors-particularly Prompt Injection (PI), where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Mengxiao Wang , Yuxuan Zhang , Guofei Gu

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial prompting despite advances in alignment and safety, often exhibiting harmful behaviors under novel attack strategies. While adversarial training can improve robustness, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yiwei Zhang , Jeremiah Birrell , Reza Ebrahimi , Rouzbeh Behnia , Jason Pacheco , Elisa Bertino

Malicious examples are crucial for evaluating the robustness of machine learning algorithms under attack, particularly in Industrial Control Systems (ICS). However, collecting normal and attack data in ICS environments is challenging due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with their strong reasoning and planning capabilities, are widely used in embodied decision-making (EDM) tasks in embodied agents, such as autonomous driving and robotic manipulation. Recent research has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yichen Wang , Hangtao Zhang , Hewen Pan , Ziqi Zhou , Xianlong Wang , Peijin Guo , Lulu Xue , Shengshan Hu , Minghui Li , Leo Yu Zhang

Evaluating robustness of machine-learning models to adversarial examples is a challenging problem. Many defenses have been shown to provide a false sense of robustness by causing gradient-based attacks to fail, and they have been broken…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Maura Pintor , Luca Demetrio , Angelo Sotgiu , Ambra Demontis , Nicholas Carlini , Battista Biggio , Fabio Roli

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLM) have emerged as pivotal tools in various applications. However, these models are susceptible to adversarial prompt attacks, where attackers can carefully curate input strings that mislead LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhengmian Hu , Gang Wu , Saayan Mitra , Ruiyi Zhang , Tong Sun , Heng Huang , Viswanathan Swaminathan

Backdoor attacks manipulate model predictions by inserting innocuous triggers into training and test data. We focus on more realistic and more challenging clean-label attacks where the adversarial training examples are correctly labeled.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Wencong You , Zayd Hammoudeh , Daniel Lowd

Adversarial attacks against conventional Deep Learning (DL) systems and algorithms have been widely studied, and various defenses were proposed. However, the possibility and feasibility of such attacks against Deep Reinforcement Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Jianwen Sun , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Yan Zheng , Kangjie Chen , Yang Liu

We propose a new method, Adversarial In-Context Learning (adv-ICL), to optimize prompt for in-context learning (ICL) by employing one LLM as a generator, another as a discriminator, and a third as a prompt modifier. As in traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xuan Long Do , Yiran Zhao , Hannah Brown , Yuxi Xie , James Xu Zhao , Nancy F. Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Michael Shieh , Junxian He

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can bypass their safety guardrails. In many domains, adversarial training has proven to be one of the most promising methods to reliably improve robustness against such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Sophie Xhonneux , Alessandro Sordoni , Stephan Günnemann , Gauthier Gidel , Leo Schwinn

There has been an ongoing cycle where stronger defenses against adversarial attacks are subsequently broken by a more advanced defense-aware attack. We present a new approach towards ending this cycle where we "deflect'' adversarial attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Yao Qin , Nicholas Frosst , Colin Raffel , Garrison Cottrell , Geoffrey Hinton

Research on adversarial robustness in language models is currently fragmented across applications and attacks, obscuring shared vulnerabilities. In this work, we propose unifying the study of adversarial robustness in text scoring models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Manveer Singh Tamber , Hosna Oyarhoseini , Jimmy Lin

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has sparked widespread and general interest due to their strong language generation capabilities, offering great potential for both industry and research. While previous research delved into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Lukas Struppek , Minh Hieu Le , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting
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