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This paper studies causal inference with observational data from a single large network. We consider a nonparametric model with interference in both potential outcomes and selection into treatment. Specifically, both stages may be the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-30 Michael P. Leung , Pantelis Loupos

Nowhere dense classes of graphs are very general classes of uniformly sparse graphs with several seemingly unrelated characterisations. From an algorithmic perspective, a characterisation of these classes in terms of uniform quasi-wideness,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Stephan Kreutzer , Roman Rabinovich , Sebastian Siebertz

Consider a network of agents that all want to guess the correct value of some ground truth state. In a sequential order, each agent makes its decision using a single private signal which has a constant probability of error, as well as…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Kevin Lu , Jordan Chong , Matt Lu , Jie Gao

When simultaneously testing multiple hypotheses, the usual approach in the context of confirmatory clinical trials is to control the familywise error rate (FWER), which bounds the probability of making at least one false rejection. In many…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-20 David S. Robertson , James M. S. Wason , Frank Bretz

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has been widely used in a variety of fields because of their great potential in representing graph-structured data. However, lacking of rigorous uncertainty estimations limits their application in high-stakes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ting Wang , Zhixin Zhou , Rui Luo

This is the first in a series of six articles devoted to showing that a typical covering map of large degree to a fixed, regular graph has its new adjacency eigenvalues within the bound conjectured by Alon for random regular graphs. Many of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Joel Friedman , David Kohler

To distinguish Markov equivalent graphs in causal discovery, it is necessary to restrict the structural causal model. Crucially, we need to be able to distinguish cause $X$ from effect $Y$ in bivariate models, that is, distinguish the two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-19 Daniel Klippert , Alexander Marx

Causal discovery algorithms typically recover causal graphs only up to their Markov equivalence classes unless additional parametric assumptions are made. The sizes of these equivalence classes reflect the limits of what can be learned…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-28 Erik Jahn , Frederick Eberhardt , Leonard J. Schulman

Causal discovery remains a central challenge in machine learning, yet existing methods face a fundamental gap: algorithms like GES and GraN-DAG achieve strong empirical performance but lack finite-sample guarantees, while theoretically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Amartya Roy , Souvik Chakraborty

Graph neural networks (GNN) have recently emerged as a vehicle for applying deep network architectures to graph and relational data. However, given the increasing size of industrial datasets, in many practical situations the message passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Qingru Zhang , David Wipf , Quan Gan , Le Song

Models with nonlinear architectures/parameterizations such as deep neural networks (DNNs) are well known for their mysteriously good generalization performance at overparameterization. In this work, we tackle this mystery from a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yaoyu Zhang , Zhongwang Zhang , Leyang Zhang , Zhiwei Bai , Tao Luo , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Networked dynamic systems are often abstracted as directed graphs, where the observed system processes form the vertex set and directed edges are used to represent non-zero transfer functions. Recovering the exact underlying graph structure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-07 Mihaela Dimovska , Donatello Materassi

The mitigation of false positives is an important issue when conducting multiple hypothesis testing. The most popular paradigm for false positives mitigation in high-dimensional applications is via the control of the false discovery rate…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-17 Hien D. Nguyen , Yohan Yee , Geoffrey J. McLachlan , Jason P. Lerch

A previously proved theorem gives sufficient conditions for an estimator of the false discovery rate (FDR) to conservatively converge to the FDR with probability 1 as the number of hypothesis tests increases, even for small sample sizes. It…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 David R. Bickel

Structural causal models are the basic modelling unit in Pearl's causal theory; in principle they allow us to solve counterfactuals, which are at the top rung of the ladder of causation. But they often contain latent variables that limit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Marco Zaffalon , Alessandro Antonucci , Rafael Cabañas

There has been recent interest in extending the ideas of False Discovery Rates (FDR) to variable selection in regression settings. Traditionally the FDR in these settings has been defined in terms of the coefficients of the full regression…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-02-12 Max Grazier G'Sell , Trevor Hastie , Robert Tibshirani

This paper concerns the large deviations of a system of interacting particles on a random graph. There is no stochasticity, and the only sources of disorder are the random graph connections, and the initial condition. The average number of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-08 James MacLaurin

One of the cornerstones of extremal graph theory is a result of F\"uredi, later reproved and given due prominence by Alon, Krivelevich and Sudakov, saying that if $H$ is a bipartite graph with maximum degree $r$ on one side, then there is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-12 David Conlon , Joonkyung Lee

This paper studies probabilistic rates of convergence for consensus+innovations type of algorithms in random, generic networks. For each node, we find a lower and also a family of upper bounds on the large deviations rate function, thus…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Dragana Bajovic

Node representation learning has demonstrated its efficacy for various applications on graphs, which leads to increasing attention towards the area. However, fairness is a largely under-explored territory within the field, which may lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-24 O. Deniz Kose , Yanning Shen