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Unprecedented visual details of biological structures are being revealed by subcellular-resolution whole-brain 3D microscopy data, enabled by recent advances in intact tissue processing and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Minyoung E. Kim , Dae Hee Yun , Aditi V. Patel , Madeline Hon , Webster Guan , Taegeon Lee , Brian Nguyen

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) enables real-time whole-brain functional imaging in zebrafish larvae. Conventional one photon LSFM can however induce undesirable visual stimulation due to the use of visible excitation light. The…

Foundation Models have demonstrated significant success across various domains in Artificial Intelligence (AI), yet their capabilities for brainwave modeling remain unclear. In this paper, we comprehensively evaluate current Large Brainwave…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Na Lee , Konstantinos Barmpas , Yannis Panagakis , Dimitrios Adamos , Nikolaos Laskaris , Stefanos Zafeiriou

The enhancement of spectrum efficiency and the realization of secure spectrum utilization are critically dependent on spectrum cognition. However, existing spectrum cognition methods often exhibit limited generalization and suboptimal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Chunyu Liu , Hao Zhang , Wei Wu , Fuhui Zhou , Qihui Wu , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Chan-Byoung Chae

The recent empirical success of Mamba and other selective state space models (SSMs) has renewed interest in non-attention architectures for sequence modeling, yet their theoretical foundations remain underexplored. We present a first-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Mugunthan Shandirasegaran , Hongkang Li , Songyang Zhang , Meng Wang , Shuai Zhang

Predicting human decision-making in high-stakes environments remains a central challenge for artificial intelligence. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong general reasoning, they often struggle to generate consistent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ben Yellin , Ehud Ezra , Mark Foreman , Shula Grinapol

Evolutionary search is well suited for large-scale biophysical brain modeling, where many parameters with nonlinear interactions and no tractable gradients need to be optimized. Standard evolutionary approaches achieve an excellent fit to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Hormoz Shahrzad , Niharika Gajawelli , Kaitlin Maile , Manish Saggar , Risto Miikkulainen

Discovering the neural mechanisms underpinning cognition is one of the grand challenges of neuroscience. However, previous approaches for building models of RNN dynamics that explain behaviour required iterative refinement of architectures…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-24 Puria Radmard , Paul M. Bays , Máté Lengyel

Most living organisms show highly conserved physiological changes following a 24-hour cycle which goes by the name of circadian rhythm. Among experimental models, the effects of light-dark cycle have been recently investigated in the larval…

Recent advances in efficient Transformers have exploited either the sparsity or low-rank properties of attention matrices to reduce the computational and memory bottlenecks of modeling long sequences. However, it is still challenging to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Beidi Chen , Tri Dao , Eric Winsor , Zhao Song , Atri Rudra , Christopher Ré

Social communication fundamentally involves at least two interacting brains, creating a unique modeling problem. We present the first application of Contrastive Embedding for Behavioral and Neural Analysis (CEBRA) to dyadic EEG…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-30 Maria Glushanina , Jeffrey Huang , Michelle McCleod , Brendan Ames , Evie Malaia

Building Behavioral Foundation Models (BFMs) for humanoid robots has the potential to unify diverse control tasks under a single, promptable generalist policy. However, existing approaches are either exclusively deployed on simulated…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be effective models of the human language system, with some models predicting most explainable variance of brain activity in current datasets. Even in untrained models, the representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Badr AlKhamissi , Greta Tuckute , Antoine Bosselut , Martin Schrimpf

While the original goal for developing robots is replacing humans in dangerous and tedious tasks, the final target shall be completely mimicking the human cognitive and motor behaviour. Hence, building detailed computational models for the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Omar Zahra , David Navarro-Alarcon , Silvia Tolu

Brain Foundation Models (BFMs) are transforming neuroscience by enabling scalable and transferable learning from neural signals, advancing both clinical diagnostics and cutting-edge neuroscience exploration. Their emergence is powered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Fanqi Shen , Enhong Yang , Jiahe Li , Junru Hong , Xiaoran Pan , Zhizhang Yuan , Meng Li , Yang Yang

This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in processing and understanding extensive text sequences, a critical aspect in applications requiring deep comprehension and synthesis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Kaiqiang Song , Xiaoyang Wang , Sangwoo Cho , Xiaoman Pan , Dong Yu

We present SCM (Sleep-Consolidated Memory), a research preview of a memory architecture for large language models that draws on neuroscientific principles to address a fundamental limitation in current systems: the absence of persistent,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Saish Sachin Shinde

Spatial cognition enables adaptive goal-directed behavior by constructing internal models of space. Robust biological systems consolidate spatial knowledge into three interconnected forms: \textit{landmarks} for salient cues, \textit{route…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Shouwei Ruan , Liyuan Wang , Caixin Kang , Qihui Zhu , Songming Liu , Xingxing Wei , Hang Su

Many studies have shown that there are regularities in the way human beings make decisions. However, our ability to obtain models that capture such regularities and can accurately predict unobserved decisions is still limited. We tackle…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-11 Gael Poux-Medard , Sergio Cobo-Lopez , Jordi Duch , Roger Guimera , Marta Sales-Pardo

Predicting motions of vessels in extreme sea states represents one of the most challenging problems in naval hydrodynamics. It involves computing complex nonlinear wave-body interactions, hence taxing heavily computational resources. Here,…