Related papers: $Q$-ball superradiance: Analytical approach
Recently, it has been found that a $Q$-ball can amplify waves incident upon it, due to rotation in the internal space and the interaction of the two modes in the complex scalar field. While the spherically symmetric 3D case has been…
Stable non-topological solitons, Q-balls, are studied using analytical and numerical methods. Three different physically interesting potentials that support Q-ball solutions are considered: two typical polynomial potentials and a…
Complex scalar fields charged under a global U(1) symmetry can admit non-topological soliton configurations called Q-balls which are stable against decay into individual particles or smaller Q-balls. These Q-balls are interesting objects…
The exact analytical solution of Maxwell equations for a Bessel light beam scattered by a sphere is found. Scattered power, stored energy and a generalized Q factor as a function of frequency, the sphere radius, permittivity, and the Bessel…
Q-balls are non-topological solitons that coherently rotate in field space. We show that these coherent rotations can induce superradiance for scattering waves, thanks to the fact that the scattering involves two coupled modes. Despite the…
Energy exchange mechanisms have important applications in particle physics, gravity, fluid mechanics, and practically every field in physics. In this letter we show, both in frequency and time domain, that energy enhancement is possible for…
We study non-topological, charged planar walls (Q-walls) in the context of a particle physics model with supersymmetry broken by low-energy gauge mediation. Analytical properties are derived within the flat-potential approximation for the…
We use analytic and numerical methods to obtain the solution of the Q-ball equation of motion. In particular, we show that the profile function of the three-dimensional Q-ball can be accurately approximated by the symmetrized Woods-Saxon…
We study linear perturbations of classically stable Q-balls in theories admitting analytic solutions. Although the corresponding boundary value problem is non-Hermitian, the analysis of perturbations can also be performed analytically in…
Multi-field Q-balls, in which some, but not all, of the constituent fields are real scalars, are studied. Uncharged fields may classically contribute to Q-balls provided that their effect is to not destabilise the resulting object. The…
Explicit solutions for extended objects of a Q-ball type were found analytically in a model describing complex scalar field with piecewise parabolic potential in (3+1)- and (1+1)-dimensional space-times. Such a potential provides a variety…
Excited Q-balls are studied by numerical simulations in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with supersymmetry broken by a gravity mediated mechanism. It is found that there is a suppression factor of $\cO(10^{-2})$ in the rate at…
This work deals with charged nontopological solutions that appear in relativistic models described by a single complex scalar field in two-dimensional spacetime. We study a model which supports novel analytical configurations of the Q-ball…
We analyse the evolution of light Q-balls in a cosmological background, and find a number of interesting features. For Q-balls formed with a size comparable to the Hubble radius, we demonstrate that there is no charge radiation, and that…
We investigate Q-balls in a 1+1 dimensional complex scalar field theory. We find that the relaxation of a squashed Q-ball is dominated by the decay of a normal mode through nonlinear coupling to scattering modes and a long-lasting…
Q ball solutions are considered within the theory of a complex scalar field with a gauged U(1) symmetry and a parabolic-type potential. In the thin-walled limit, we show explicitly that there is a maximum size for these objects because of…
Theoretical approaches to QED scattering in strong fields typically treat the field as a fixed background with simple spacetime dependence, such as a plane wave. Two major challenges are therefore the inclusion of backreaction (e.g.…
We study the excited states of the Q-balls by performing stationary perturbation on the spherical Q-balls. We find the exact solution of the stationary perturbation of the global Q-ball with thin wall approximation. For local Q-balls we…
Scalar field theories with particular U(1)-symmetric potentials contain non-topological soliton solutions called Q-balls. Promoting the U(1) to a gauge symmetry leads to the more complicated situation of gauged Q-balls. The soliton…
Recently, it has been realized that in some systems internal space rotation can induce energy amplification for scattering waves, similar to rotation in real space. Particularly, it has been shown that energy extraction is possible for a…