Mapping Gauged Q-Balls
Abstract
Scalar field theories with particular U(1)-symmetric potentials contain non-topological soliton solutions called Q-balls. Promoting the U(1) to a gauge symmetry leads to the more complicated situation of gauged Q-balls. The soliton solutions to the resulting set of nonlinear differential equations have markedly different properties, such as a maximal possible size and charge. Despite these differences, we discover a relation that allows one to extract the properties of gauged Q-balls (such as the radius, charge, and energy) from the more easily obtained properties of global Q-balls. These results provide a new guide to understanding gauged Q-balls as well as providing simple and accurate analytical characterization of the Q-ball properties.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2103.06905,
title = {Mapping Gauged Q-Balls},
author = {Julian Heeck and Arvind Rajaraman and Rebecca Riley and Christopher B. Verhaaren},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.06905},
year = {2023}
}
Comments
19 pages, 6 figures; v2: matches published version. v3: fixed typo in Eq.(3). v4: fixed typos in Fig. 4