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Stellar feedback drives the circulation of matter from the disk to the halo of galaxies. We perform three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a vertical column of the interstellar medium with initial conditions typical of the…
The meridional circulation of the Sun, which is observed to be poleward at the surface, should have a return flow at some depth. Since large-scale flows like the differential rotation and the meridional circulation are driven by turbulent…
Steep gradients of temperature and density, called cold fronts, are observed by Chandra in a leading edge of subclusters moving through the intracluster medium (ICM). The presence of cold fronts indicates that thermal conduction across the…
The Southern Ocean plays an integral role in the global climate system, exchanging heat, salt, and carbon throughout the major ocean basins via the deep, fast-flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is…
The dissolution of a body into quiescent water leads to density stratifications at the interfaces that drive buoyant flows. Where the stratification is unstable, the flow destabilizes into convective solute plumes. By analogy with the…
A new shallow layer laboratory model of global atmosphere circulation is realized. The shallow rotating cylindrical layer of fluid with the localized heater at the bottom periphery and localized cooler in the central part of the upper…
Vertically stable in density, stratified-water conditions 'SW' exist in the deep Mediterranean Sea that are characterized by temperature differences of 0.0002-0.01degrC over 125 m above a flat seafloor. These result in a mean buoyancy…
Seismology was developed on Earth and shaped our model of the Earth's interior over the 20th century. With the exception of the Philae lander, all in situ extraterrestrial seismological effort to date was limited to other terrestrial…
Tidal heating is expected to impart significant, non-spherically-symmetric structure to Jupiter's volcanic moon Io. A signature of spatially variable tidal heating is generally sought in observations of surface heat fluxes or volcanic…
We present a detailed analysis of the temperature statistics in an oceanographic observational dataset. The data are collected using a moored array of thermistors, 100 m tall and starting 5 m above the bottom, deployed during four months…
The intense turbulence present in the solar convection zone is a major challenge to both theory and simulation as one tries to understand the origins of the striking differential rotation profile with radius and latitude that has been…
High-resolution imaging of protoplanetary disks has unveiled a rich diversity of spiral structure, some of which may arise from disk-planet interaction. Using 3D hydrodynamics with $\beta$-cooling to a vertically-stratified background, as…
We investigate the morphodynamics of an ice layer over a turbulent stream of warm water using numerical simulations. At low water speeds, characteristic streamwise undulations appear, which can be explained by the Reynolds analogy between…
Magmatism and volcanism transfer carbon from the solid Earth into the climate system. This transfer may be modulated by the glacial/interglacial cycling of water between oceans and continental ice sheets, which alters the surface loading of…
We show that floating ice blocks with asymmetric shapes can self-propel with significant speeds due to buoyancy driven currents caused by melting. In water baths with temperatures between $10\,^\circ$C and $30\,^\circ$C, model right-angle…
Complex ocean systems such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current play key roles in the climate, and current models predict shifts in their strength and area under climate change. However, the physical processes underlying these changes are…
The Hadley circulation describes a planetary-scale tropical atmospheric flow, which has a major influence on climate. Contemporary theoretical understanding is based upon angular momentum conservation, the basic dynamical constraint…
It has been hypothesized that the Earth may have experienced snowball events in the past, during which its surface became completely covered with ice. Previous studies used general circulation models to investigate the onset and climate of…
The differential rotation of the sun, as deduced from helioseismology, exhibits a prominent radial shear layer near the top of the convection zone wherein negative radial gradients of angular velocity are evident in the low- and…
We use well-resolved numerical simulations to study the combined effects of buoyancy, pressure-driven shear and rotation on the melt rate and morphology of a layer of pure solid overlying its liquid phase in three dimensions at a Rayleigh…