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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven to be effective in mitigating hallucinations in large language models, yet its effectiveness remains limited in complex, multi-step reasoning scenarios. Recent efforts have incorporated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Wenda Wei , Yu-An Liu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Lixin Su , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Maarten de Rijke , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) represents a major advancement in natural language processing (NLP), combining large language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to enhance factual grounding, accuracy, and contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Agada Joseph Oche , Ademola Glory Folashade , Tirthankar Ghosal , Arpan Biswas

This article surveys Evaluation models to automatically detect hallucinations in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), and presents a comprehensive benchmark of their performance across six RAG applications. Methods included in our study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ashish Sardana

Hallucinations remain a significant challenge in current Generative AI models, undermining trust in AI systems and their reliability. This study investigates how orchestrating multiple specialized Artificial Intelligent Agents can help…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Diego Gosmar , Deborah A. Dahl

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful computational models trained on extensive corpora of human-readable text, enabling them to perform general-purpose language understanding and generation. LLMs have garnered significant attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Liam Barkley , Brink van der Merwe

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown unprecedented capabilities in advancing various vision-language tasks. However, MLLMs face significant challenges with hallucinations, and misleading outputs that do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shengqiong Wu , Hao Fei , Liangming Pan , William Yang Wang , Shuicheng Yan , Tat-Seng Chua

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to reduce hallucination by grounding answers in retrieved evidence, yet hallucinated answers remain common even when relevant documents are available. Existing evaluations focus on answer-level or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Passant Elchafei , Monorama Swain , Shahed Masoudian , Markus Schedl

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are usually defined by the combination of a generator and a retrieval component that extracts textual context from a knowledge base to answer user queries. However, such basic implementations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pietro Ferrazzi , Milica Cvjeticanin , Alessio Piraccini , Davide Giannuzzi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in critical fields such as healthcare, education, and finance due to their remarkable proficiency in various language-related tasks. However, LLMs are prone to generating factually incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Muneeswaran I , Shreya Saxena , Siva Prasad , M V Sai Prakash , Advaith Shankar , Varun V , Vishal Vaddina , Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan

As connected and automated transportation systems evolve, there is a growing need for federal and state authorities to revise existing laws and develop new statutes to address emerging cybersecurity and data privacy challenges. This study…

This technical report analyzes the challenge of "hallucinations" (false information) in LLMs applied to law. It examines their causes, manifestations, and the effectiveness of the RAG mitigation strategy, highlighting its limitations and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Alex Dantart

Single-step retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) provides an efficient way to incorporate external information for simple question answering tasks but struggles with complex questions. Agentic RAG extends this paradigm by replacing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yijia Zheng , Marcel Worring

As one of the most advanced techniques in AI, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can offer reliable and up-to-date external knowledge, providing huge convenience for numerous tasks. Particularly in the era of AI-Generated Content (AIGC),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Wenqi Fan , Yujuan Ding , Liangbo Ning , Shijie Wang , Hengyun Li , Dawei Yin , Tat-Seng Chua , Qing Li

Large language models (LLMs) are very costly and inefficient to update with new information. To address this limitation, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been proposed as a solution that dynamically incorporates external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Sezen Perçin , Xin Su , Qutub Sha Syed , Phillip Howard , Aleksei Kuvshinov , Leo Schwinn , Kay-Ulrich Scholl

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from hallucinations and outdated knowledge due to their reliance on static training data. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by integrating external dynamic information for…

Hallucination remains a critical bottleneck for large language models (LLMs), undermining their reliability in real-world applications, especially in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. While existing hallucination detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Zhuo Li , Yupeng Zhang , Pengyu Cheng , Jiajun Song , Mengyu Zhou , Hao Li , Shujie Hu , Yu Qin , Erchao Zhao , Xiaoxi Jiang , Guanjun Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted as the cognitive core of embodied agents. However, inherited hallucinations, which stem from failures to ground user instructions in the observed physical environment, can lead to…

Large language models (LLMs) are known to "hallucinate" by generating false or misleading outputs. Hallucinations pose various harms, from erosion of trust to widespread misinformation. Existing hallucination evaluation, however, focuses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Prakhar Ganesh , Reza Shokri , Golnoosh Farnadi

Retriever Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have become pivotal in enhancing the capabilities of language models by incorporating external knowledge retrieval mechanisms. However, a significant challenge in deploying these systems in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Masha Belyi , Robert Friel , Shuai Shao , Atindriyo Sanyal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into recommender systems to enhance user behavior comprehension. The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technique is further incorporated into these systems to retrieve more relevant items…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Sichun Luo , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Linrong Wang , Sicong Liu , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song
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