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This paper investigates Reinforcement Learning (RL) on data without explicit labels for reasoning tasks in Large Language Models (LLMs). The core challenge of the problem is reward estimation during inference while not having access to…

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in autonomous navigation using reinforcement learning. However, existing approaches largely emphasize reinforcement learning framework design, such as input representations, action spaces,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zhefan Xu , Hanyu Jin , Kenji Shimada

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated potential in autonomous driving. However, two critical challenges hinder their development: (1) Existing VLA architectures are typically based on imitation learning in open-loop setup…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Anqing Jiang , Yu Gao , Yiru Wang , Zhigang Sun , Shuo Wang , Yuwen Heng , Hao Sun , Shichen Tang , Lijuan Zhu , Jinhao Chai , Jijun Wang , Zichong Gu , Hao Jiang , Li Sun

Vision-Language Models(VLMs) have demonstrated significant potential for end-to-end autonomous driving, yet a substantial gap remains between their current capabilities and the reliability necessary for real-world deployment. A critical…

Two current methods used to train autonomous cars are reinforcement learning and imitation learning. This research develops a new learning methodology and systematic approach in both a simulated and a smaller real world environment by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Heidi Lu

Autonomous racing presents unique challenges due to its non-linear dynamics, the high speed involved, and the critical need for real-time decision-making under dynamic and unpredictable conditions. Most traditional Reinforcement Learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Benedict Hildisch , Edoardo Ghignone , Nicolas Baumann , Cheng Hu , Andrea Carron , Michele Magno

Pretrained imitation policies have become a strong foundation for robot manipulation, but they often require online improvement to overcome execution errors, limited dataset coverage, and deployment mismatch. A central question is therefore…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Dongjie Yu , Kun Lei , Zhennan Jiang , Jia Pan , Huazhe Xu

We present TreeIRL, a novel planner for autonomous driving that combines Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) and inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) to achieve state-of-the-art performance in simulation and in real-world driving. The core idea…

End-to-end models for autonomous driving hold the promise of learning complex behaviors directly from sensor data, but face critical challenges in safety and handling long-tail events. Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising path to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tianyi Yan , Tao Tang , Xingtai Gui , Yongkang Li , Jiasen Zhesng , Weiyao Huang , Lingdong Kong , Wencheng Han , Xia Zhou , Xueyang Zhang , Yifei Zhan , Kun Zhan , Cheng-zhong Xu , Jianbing Shen

This paper presents an empirical study of reset-free reinforcement learning (RL) for real-world agile driving, in which a physical 1/10-scale vehicle learns continuously on a slippery indoor track without manual resets. High-speed driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kohei Honda , Hirotaka Hosogaya

The optimization of traffic signal control (TSC) is critical for an efficient transportation system. In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) techniques have emerged as a popular approach for TSC and show promising results for highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jianxiong Li , Shichao Lin , Tianyu Shi , Chujie Tian , Yu Mei , Jian Song , Xianyuan Zhan , Ruimin Li

There is a burgeoning discussion around the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in acting as fundamental components that can be seamlessly incorporated into Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) to interpret complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Huanqi Yang , Sijie Ji , Rucheng Wu , Weitao Xu

Imitation learning holds tremendous promise in learning policies efficiently for complex decision making problems. Current state-of-the-art algorithms often use inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), where given a set of expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Siddhant Haldar , Vaibhav Mathur , Denis Yarats , Lerrel Pinto

Progress in deep learning highlights the tremendous potential of utilizing diverse robotic datasets for attaining effective generalization and makes it enticing to consider leveraging broad datasets for attaining robust generalization in…

Zero-shot reasoning on text-rich networks (TRNs) remains a challenging frontier, as models must integrate textual semantics with relational structure without task-specific supervision. While graph neural networks rely on fixed label spaces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yilun Liu , Ruihong Qiu , Zi Huang

Model-free learning-based control methods have recently shown significant advantages over traditional control methods in avoiding complex vehicle characteristic estimation and parameter tuning. As a primary policy learning method, imitation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-29 C. Gong , C. Lu , Z. Li , Z. Liu , J. Gong , X. Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs), when enhanced through reasoning-oriented post-training, evolve into powerful Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) further extends their capabilities by incorporating external tools,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yifan Wei , Xiaoyan Yu , Yixuan Weng , Tengfei Pan , Angsheng Li , Li Du

We present an end-to-end imitation learning system for agile, off-road autonomous driving using only low-cost sensors. By imitating a model predictive controller equipped with advanced sensors, we train a deep neural network control policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Yunpeng Pan , Ching-An Cheng , Kamil Saigol , Keuntaek Lee , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos Theodorou , Byron Boots

The utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) within the realm of reinforcement learning, particularly as planners, has garnered a significant degree of attention in recent scholarly literature. However, a substantial proportion of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yiqun Duan , Qiang Zhang , Renjing Xu

Most Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods are traditionally studied in an active learning setting, where agents directly interact with their environments, observe action outcomes, and learn through trial and error. However, allowing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Maryam Zare , Parham M. Kebria , Abbas Khosravi