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The depth of quantum circuits is a critical factor when running them on state-of-the-art quantum devices due to their limited coherence times. Reducing circuit depth decreases noise in near-term quantum computations and reduces overall…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Elisa Bäumer , Stefan Woerner

CNOT optimization plays a significant role in noise reduction for Quantum Circuits. Several heuristic and exact approaches exist for CNOT optimization. In this paper, we investigate more complicated variations of optimal synthesis by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-09 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol

In this paper, we exclusively utilize CNOT gates for implementing permutation groups generated by more than two elements. In Lemma 1, we recall that three CNOT gates are both necessary and sufficient to execute a two-qubit swap gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Junchi Liu , Yangyang Ren , Yan Cao , Hanyi Sun , Lin Chen

We use a random search technique to find quantum gate sequences that implement perfect quantum state preparation or unitary operator synthesis with arbitrary targets. This approach is based on the recent discovery that there is a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Sahel Ashhab , Fumiki Yoshihara , Miwako Tsuji , Mitsuhisa Sato , Kouichi Semba

Efficiently implementing Clifford circuits is crucial for quantum error correction and quantum algorithms. Linear reversible circuits, equivalent to circuits composed of CNOT gates, have important applications in classical computing. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Mark Webster , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Dan E Browne

Using partial knowledge of a quantum state to control multiqubit entanglement is a largely unexplored paradigm in the emerging field of quantum interactive dynamics with the potential to address outstanding challenges in quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-13 Pavel Tashev , Stefan Petrov , Friederike Metz , Marin Bukov

The quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a crucial subroutine in many quantum algorithms. In this paper, we study the exact lower bound problem of CNOT gate complexity for fault-tolerant QFT. First, we consider approximating the ancilla-free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Qiqing Xia , Huiqin Xie , Li Yang

Quantum operations on pure states can be fully represented by unitary matrices. Variational quantum circuits, also known as quantum neural networks, embed data and trainable parameters into gate-based operations and optimize the parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Basil Kyriacou , Mo Kordzanganeh , Maniraman Periyasamy , Alexey Melnikov

In the realm of quantum control, reinforcement learning, a prominent branch of machine learning, emerges as a competitive candidate for computer-assisted optimal design for experiments. This study investigates the extent to which guidance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Tian-Niu Xu , Yongcheng Ding , José D. Martín-Guerrero , Xi Chen

Quantum Computing (QC) stands to revolutionize computing, but is currently still limited. To develop and test quantum algorithms today, quantum circuits are often simulated on classical computers. Simulating a complex quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-21 Eli A. Meirom , Haggai Maron , Shie Mannor , Gal Chechik

Quantum computing offers exciting opportunities for simulating complex quantum systems and optimizing large scale combinatorial problems, but its practical use is limited by device noise and constrained connectivity. Designing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Akash Kundu , Leopoldo Sarra

Quantum Compiling Algorithms decompose (exactly, without approximations) an arbitrary $2^\nb$ unitary matrix acting on $\nb$ qubits, into a sequence of elementary operations (SEO). There are many possible ways of decomposing a unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert R. Tucci

Quantum computers in practice today require strict memory constraints, where 2-qubit operations can only be performed between the qubits closest to each other in a graph structure. So a quantum circuit must undergo a transformation to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Anpeng Zhang , Xiutao Feng , Shengyuan Xu

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

We show the applicability of the Cartan decomposition of Lie algebras to quantum circuits. This approach can be used to synthesize circuits that can efficiently implement any desired unitary operation. Our method finds explicit quantum…

Quantum data loading plays a central role in quantum algorithms and quantum information processing. Many quantum algorithms hinge on the ability to prepare arbitrary superposition states as a subroutine, with claims of exponential speedups…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Chun-Tse Li , Hao-Chung Cheng

Emerging reinforcement learning techniques using deep neural networks have shown great promise in control optimization. They harness non-local regularities of noisy control trajectories and facilitate transfer learning between tasks. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-17 Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Sergio Boixo , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Hartmut Neven

The current phase of quantum computing is in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. On NISQ devices, two-qubit gates such as CNOTs are much noisier than single-qubit gates, so it is essential to minimize their count. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-24 Xin-Chuan Wu , Marc Grau Davis , Frederic T. Chong , Costin Iancu

Entangling gates between qubits are a crucial component for performing algorithms in quantum computers. However, any quantum algorithm must ultimately operate on error-protected logical qubits encoded in high-dimensional systems. Typically,…

Current proposals for quantum compilers require the synthesis and optimization of linear reversible circuits and among them CNOT circuits. Since these circuits represent a significant part of the cost of running an entire quantum circuit,…