Related papers: Hawking in a thousand words
In 1976 Stephen Hawking proposed that information may be lost from our universe as a pure quantum state collapses gravitationally into a black hole, which then evaporates completely into a mixed state of thermal radiation. Although this…
Just forty years ago, Hawking wrote his famous paper on primordial black holes (PBH). There have been since innumerable discussions on the consequences of the existence of such exotic objects and ramifications of their properties. Here we…
The total number of Hawking quanta emitted during the evaporation of a Schwarzschild black hole is proportional to the square of the initial mass or, equivalently, to the Bekenstein entropy. This simple, but little appreciated, fact is…
After recalling the definition of black holes, and reviewing their energetics and their classical thermodynamics, one expounds the conjecture of Bekenstein, attributing an entropy to black holes, and the calculation by Hawking of the…
Small,quiescent black holes can be considered as candidates for the missing dark matter of the universe,and as the core energy source of ball lightning.By means of gravitational tunneling,directed radiation is emitted from black holes in a…
The semi-classical derivation of Hawking radiation for axially symmetric, stationary spacetimes with a Killing horizon is examined following the recent quasi-classical tunneling analysis and a simple formula is found for the inverse Hawking…
Hawking radiation as a quantum phenomenon is generally attributed to the existence of the event horizon of a black hole. However, we demonstrate in this paper that there is indeed ingoing Hawking-like radiation associated with apparent…
Given a field vacuum state in a black hole spacetime, this state can be analysed in terms of how it is perceived (in terms of particle content) by different observers. This can be done by means of the effective-temperature function…
We propose intuitive derivations of the Hawking temperature and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole.
Considering gravitational and gauge anomalies at the horizon, a new successful method that to derive Hawking radiations from black holes has been developed recently by Wilczek et al.. By using the dimensional reduction technique, we apply…
There have been various interpretations of Hawking radiation proposed based on the perturbative approach, and all have confirmed Hawking's original finding. One major conceptual challenge of Hawking evaporation is the associated black hole…
Hawking's prediction of black-hole evaporation depends on the application of known physics to fantastically high energies -- well beyond the Planck scale. Here, I show that before these extreme regimes are reached, another physical effect…
Between 1972 and 1975, Jacob Bekenstein proposed that black holes possess entropy proportional to their horizon area, and Stephen Hawking derived this relationship from semiclassical quantum field theory in curved spacetime, predicting…
Acoustic propagation in a moving fluid provides a conceptually clean and powerful analogy for understanding black hole physics. As a teaching tool, the analogy is useful for introducing students to both General Relativity and fluid…
We argue that the following three statements cannot all be true: (i) Hawking radiation is in a pure state, (ii) the information carried by the radiation is emitted from the region near the horizon, with low energy effective field theory…
Hawking radiation is nowadays being understood as tunnelling through black hole horizons. Here, the extension of the Hamilton-Jacobi approach to tunnelling for non-rotating and rotating black holes in different non-singular coordinate…
Professor Jacob Bekenstein was known not only for his brilliant and original physical ideas, but also for their clear presentation in his lectures and seminal research papers. I here provide a short review of Bekenstein's pioneering ideas…
In this work, three heuristic derivations of the Hawking temperature are presented. The main characteristic of these derivations is their extreme simplicity, which makes them easily accessible to a wide and diverse audience.
We examine Hawking radiation for a (2+1)-dimensional spinning black hole and study the interesting possibility of tunneling through the event horizon which acts as a classically forbidden barrier. Our finding shows it to be much lower than…
In a seminal work, Hawking showed that natural states for free quantum matter fields on classical spacetimes that solve the spherically symmetric vacuum Einstein equations are KMS states of non-vanishing temperature. Although Hawking's…