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Flow-based generative models are a family of exact log-likelihood models with tractable sampling and latent-variable inference, hence conceptually attractive for modeling complex distributions. However, flow-based models are limited by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Huadong Liao , Jiawei He , Kunxian Shu

Sampling from unnormalized densities presents a fundamental challenge with wide-ranging applications, from posterior inference to molecular dynamics simulations. Continuous flow-based neural samplers offer a promising approach, learning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Wuhao Chen , Zijing Ou , Yingzhen Li

Estimating causal effects from observational data has become increasingly critical in diverse fields including healthcare, economics, and social policy. The fundamental challenge in causal inference arises from the missing counterfactuals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yifei Xie , Jian Huang

Generative models have gained popularity for their potential applications in imaging science, such as image reconstruction, posterior sampling and data sharing. Flow-based generative models are particularly attractive due to their ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Varun A. Kelkar , Rucha Deshpande , Arindam Banerjee , Mark A. Anastasio

Current density modeling approaches suffer from at least one of the following shortcomings: expensive training, slow inference, approximate likelihood, mode collapse or architectural constraints like bijective mappings. We propose a simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Marcello Massimo Negri , Jonathan Aellen , Manuel Jahn , AmirEhsan Khorashadizadeh , Volker Roth

Robust workflow composition is critical for effective agent performance, yet progress in Large Language Model (LLM) planning and reasoning is hindered by a scarcity of scalable evaluation data. This work introduces NL2Flow, a fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jungkoo Kang

By building upon the recent theory that established the connection between implicit generative modeling (IGM) and optimal transport, in this study, we propose a novel parameter-free algorithm for learning the underlying distributions of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-12 Antoine Liutkus , Umut Şimşekli , Szymon Majewski , Alain Durmus , Fabian-Robert Stöter

Discrete diffusion models offer a promising alternative to autoregressive generation through parallel decoding, but they suffer from a sampling wall: once categorical sampling occurs, rich distributional information collapses into one-hot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Mingyu Jo , Jaesik Yoon , Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre , Sungjin Ahn

Flow matching is a powerful framework for generating high-quality samples in various applications, especially image synthesis. However, the intensive computational demands of these models, especially during the finetuning process and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Bao Nguyen , Binh Nguyen , Viet Anh Nguyen

Accurate and efficient power flow (PF) analysis is crucial in modern electrical networks' operation and planning. Therefore, there is a need for scalable algorithms that can provide accurate and fast solutions for both small and large scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Nan Lin , Stavros Orfanoudakis , Nathan Ordonez Cardenas , Juan S. Giraldo , Pedro P. Vergara

Normalizing flows model probability distributions through an expressive tractable density. They transform a simple base distribution, such as a Gaussian, through a sequence of invertible functions, which are referred to as layers. These…

Generative AI has achieved remarkable empirical success, but from the perspective of statistics it often remains opaque: its predictions may be accurate, yet the underlying mechanism is difficult to interpret, analyze, and trust. This book…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-11 Shinto Eguchi

Building on the success of diffusion models in visual generation, flow-based models reemerge as another prominent family of generative models that have achieved competitive or better performance in terms of both visual quality and inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Wenliang Zhao , Minglei Shi , Xumin Yu , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Diffusion-based generative models have demonstrated a capacity for perceptually impressive synthesis, but can they also be great likelihood-based models? We answer this in the affirmative, and introduce a family of diffusion-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Diederik P. Kingma , Tim Salimans , Ben Poole , Jonathan Ho

Recently, Flow Matching models have pushed the boundaries of high-fidelity data generation across a wide range of domains. It typically employs a single large network to learn the entire generative trajectory from noise to data. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Dogyun Park , Taehoon Lee , Minseok Joo , Hyunwoo J. Kim

The blooming diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have garnered significant interest due to their impressive performance and the elegant inspiration they draw from physics. While earlier DPMs relied upon the Markovian assumption, recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Bowen Sun , Shibao Zheng

Current state-of-the-art generative models map noise to data distributions by matching flows or scores. A key limitation of these models is their inability to readily integrate available partial observations and additional priors. In…

We propose Multiscale Flow, a generative Normalizing Flow that creates samples and models the field-level likelihood of two-dimensional cosmological data such as weak lensing. Multiscale Flow uses hierarchical decomposition of cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-16 Biwei Dai , Uros Seljak

Recent years witnessed the development of powerful generative models based on flows, diffusion or autoregressive neural networks, achieving remarkable success in generating data from examples with applications in a broad range of areas. A…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-07-22 Davide Ghio , Yatin Dandi , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

Deep generative models such as flow and diffusion models have proven to be effective in modeling high-dimensional and complex data types such as videos or proteins, and this has motivated their use in different data modalities, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ege Erdogan
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